Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Respiratory > Upper respiratory tract infections > Flashcards

Upper respiratory tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

What pathogen usually causes the common cold?

A

Rhinoviruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the official name for a common cold?

A

Acute coryza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the incubation period for rhinoviruses?

A

12 hours to 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the symptoms of a common cold?

A

Malaise
Slight pyrexia
Sore throat
Nasal discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of the nasal sinuses, usually caused by infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What pathogens usually cause sinusitis?

A

Rhinoviruses

Streptococcus pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the symptoms of sinusitis?

A 
Frontal headache
Facial pain
Tenderness
Nasal discharge
Malaise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Sneezing attacks, nasal discharge and/or blockage

occurring for more than 1 hour on most days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What two types of rhinitis are there? How can you distinguish them?

A

Seasonal rhinitis:
Occurs during summer months, caused by allergy to pollen
Symptoms of eye and soft palate itching

Perennial rhinitis:
May or may not be allergic
No symptoms affecting eye or soft palate

Distinguish:
Is it seasonal?
Are the eyes and soft palate itchy?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can occur as a result of perennial rhinitis?

A

Nasal polyps can form, which can cause nasal obstruction, loss of smell and taste and mouth breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do you diagnose rhinitis?

A

Skin prick test: look for allergens

Measure levels of IgE against causal antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How would you manage rhinitis?

A

Avoidance of allergen

Anti-histamines

Decongestants

Topical steroids, oral if all else fails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A

Inflammation of the pharynx, usually caused by infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What pathogens usually cause pharyngitis?

A

Mostly viruses, particularly adenoviruses

Secondary invasion by bacteria:
H. influenzae
Streptococcus
Staph. aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of pharyngitis?

A

Sore throat
Fever
Malaise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In a case of pharyngitis, how would you know if secondary invasion has occurred?

A

If the infection has not gone away of its own accord, then suspect secondary invasion by bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How would you treat pharyngitis?

A

Treat symptoms initially

If no improvement (the infection has gone by self-limiting) treat with antibiotics (penicillin)

18
Q

Croup is another name for…

A

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis

19
Q

What pathogens usually cause croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

Measles virus

20
Q

Which type of people suffer worst when they get croup?

A

Children under the age of 3

21
Q

What are the symptoms of croup?

A

LARYNX
Hoarse voice
Barking cough
Stridor (grating sound on inhalation)

TRACHEA
Burning retrosternal pain

22
Q

What is it that causes the hoarse voice, barking cough + stridor in croup?

A

Inflammatory oedema of the larynx

23
Q

How do you treat croup?

A

Oxygen
Oral or intramuscular corticosteroids

Nebulised adrenaline

Rarely, intubation or tracheotomy is necessary

24
Q

What types of influenza virus are there?

A

A, B and C

25
Q

What are the surface antigens that are found on the surface of influenza viruses?

A

Haemagglutinin

Neuraminidase

26
Q

What does haemagglutinin do to help the influenza virus?

A

Binds to the host cells and gains entry

27
Q

What does neuraminidase do to help the influenza virus?

A

Gets viruses out of cells once they are newly produced

28
Q

Which is more virulent, influenza A, B or C?

A

A

29
Q

Which is able to cause pandemics, influenza A, B or C?

A

A

30
Q

Which causes sporadic outbreaks in institutions like schools and garrisons, influenza A, B or C?

A

B

31
Q

Which can cause an infection that is asymptomatic, influenza A, B or C?

A

C

32
Q

How long is the incubation period for influenza viruses?

A

About 1-3 days

33
Q

What are the symptoms of flu?

How long can they last?

A

Abrupt onset of fever Generalised aching of limbs Severe headache
Sore throat
Dry cough

Can last for several weeks

34
Q

How do you diagnose flu?

A

You don’t usually

But you would see a rise in antibody levels if you did serology

35
Q

Management of flu?

A

Symptomatic treatment:
Paracetamol, bed rest, fluids

Prevention of secondary infection in susceptible people

36
Q

What complications can arise from flu?

A

Pneumonia

37
Q

Who is susceptible to secondary infection after getting flu?

A

People with lung problems

People with heart or renal failure

38
Q

Which people are at a higher risk of mortality from flu?

A

Chronic cardiac and pulmonary disease

Old age

Renal disease

Immunosuppressed

39
Q

What is an outbreak?

A

2 or more linked cases

40
Q

What is an epidemic?

A

Lots of cases in a region or country

41
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

An epidemic that spans international boundaries

42
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Every year, the virus changes its antigens slightly which means people are no longer immune to it

Respiratory (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions