Upper Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
What is the most common type of URI?
Common cold
What is Acute Rhinitis?
Acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose usually accompanied with the common cold
What is Allergic Rhinitis?
Rhinitis caused by pollen or foreign substances
What is the goal of treating URI?
Not to use antibiotics if possible
To manage symptoms
To use non-antibiotic medications
What causes Acute Pharyngitis?
Drainage
Viral/Bacterial throat infections
When is antibiotics given for Sinusitis?
Symptoms have gone on longer than two weeks
Symptoms have gone worse after one week of having sinusitis
What drug is considered Antihistamine?
Diphenhydramine.
What is the Brand name of Diphenhydramine?
Benadryl
What is the MOA of Diphenhydramine?
Blocks effects of histamine by occupying H1 Receptor sites
What is Diphenhydramine used for?
Allergic rhinitis
Common cold
cough
sneezing
pruitis
urticaria
motion sickness
Sleep aid
What are the side effects of Diphenhydramine?
drowsiness
dizziness
HA
asthenia, agitation,
insomnia, urinary retention, blurred vision,
dry mouth/throat,
hypotension, abdominal pain, restlessness,
constipation, photosensitivity, palpitations
What life threatening effects can come from Diphenhydramine?
Agranulocytosis
Hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
How do you administer Diphenhydramine?
PO with food.
IM or IV
What should be taught to a patient on Diphenhydramine?
Avoid driving or performing other dangerous activities if drowsiness occurs.
Avoid alcohol or other CNS Depressants
Who should not take Diphenhydramines?
Breastfeeding mothers
Children under age of 2 years old.
Difference between 1st generation and 2nd generation Antihistamines?
1st generation crosses the blood brain barrier easily and so this causes a stronger side effects like drowsiness and increases their intended effects/relief of their symptoms
2nd generation does not cross the blood brain barrier as easily and so their intended effects are not as strong as their 1st generation, but their side effects are weaker compared to 1st generation. 2nd generation is also longer acting; dosed once daily.
What drug is classified as Nasal Decongestants?
Pseudoephedrine
What is the MOA of Pseudoephedrine?
Suppress cough by depressing cough center in medulla oblongata
Reduces viscosity of Secretions
What is Pseudoephedrine used for?
Nasal congestion
What ASE are associated with Pseudoephedrine?
hypertension,
dysrhythmia,
impaired coordination, dizziness,
excitability,
headache, insomnia, restlessness, seizures, vertigo,
urinary retention,
thrombocytopenia,
blurred vision,
tinnitus,
chest tightness,
dry nose, wheezing.
Can we recommend Pseudoephedrine to patients with HTN or CAD?
No due to ASE of increasing BP.
What drug is classified as Antitussive/Expectorant?
Dextromethorphan
What is the MOA of Dextromethorphan?
Suppress cough centers in medulla oblongata
Reduce viscosity of Secretions
What is Dextromethorphan used for?
dry, hacking, nonproductive cough/to ease expelling secretions from lower respiratory tract
To produce a productive, less frequent cough
