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Pharm Exam 3 Materials > Upper Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of URI?

A

Common cold

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2
Q

What is Acute Rhinitis?

A

Acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose usually accompanied with the common cold

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3
Q

What is Allergic Rhinitis?

A

Rhinitis caused by pollen or foreign substances

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4
Q

What is the goal of treating URI?

A

Not to use antibiotics if possible

To manage symptoms

To use non-antibiotic medications

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5
Q

What causes Acute Pharyngitis?

A

Drainage

Viral/Bacterial throat infections

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6
Q

When is antibiotics given for Sinusitis?

A

Symptoms have gone on longer than two weeks

Symptoms have gone worse after one week of having sinusitis

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7
Q

What drug is considered Antihistamine?

A

Diphenhydramine.

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8
Q

What is the Brand name of Diphenhydramine?

A

Benadryl

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9
Q

What is the MOA of Diphenhydramine?

A

Blocks effects of histamine by occupying H1 Receptor sites

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10
Q

What is Diphenhydramine used for?

A

Allergic rhinitis

Common cold

cough

sneezing

pruitis

urticaria

motion sickness

Sleep aid

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11
Q

What are the side effects of Diphenhydramine?

A

drowsiness

dizziness

HA

asthenia, agitation,

insomnia, urinary retention, blurred vision,

dry mouth/throat,

hypotension, abdominal pain, restlessness,

constipation, photosensitivity, palpitations

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12
Q

What life threatening effects can come from Diphenhydramine?

A

Agranulocytosis

Hemolytic anemia

Thrombocytopenia

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13
Q

How do you administer Diphenhydramine?

A

PO with food.

IM or IV

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14
Q

What should be taught to a patient on Diphenhydramine?

A

Avoid driving or performing other dangerous activities if drowsiness occurs.

Avoid alcohol or other CNS Depressants

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15
Q

Who should not take Diphenhydramines?

A

Breastfeeding mothers

Children under age of 2 years old.

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16
Q

Difference between 1st generation and 2nd generation Antihistamines?

A

1st generation crosses the blood brain barrier easily and so this causes a stronger side effects like drowsiness and increases their intended effects/relief of their symptoms

2nd generation does not cross the blood brain barrier as easily and so their intended effects are not as strong as their 1st generation, but their side effects are weaker compared to 1st generation. 2nd generation is also longer acting; dosed once daily.

17
Q

What drug is classified as Nasal Decongestants?

A

Pseudoephedrine

18
Q

What is the MOA of Pseudoephedrine?

A

Suppress cough by depressing cough center in medulla oblongata

Reduces viscosity of Secretions

19
Q

What is Pseudoephedrine used for?

A

Nasal congestion

20
Q

What ASE are associated with Pseudoephedrine?

A

hypertension,

dysrhythmia,

impaired coordination, dizziness,

excitability,

headache, insomnia, restlessness, seizures, vertigo,

urinary retention,

thrombocytopenia,

blurred vision,

tinnitus,

chest tightness,

dry nose, wheezing.

21
Q

Can we recommend Pseudoephedrine to patients with HTN or CAD?

A

No due to ASE of increasing BP.

22
Q

What drug is classified as Antitussive/Expectorant?

A

Dextromethorphan

23
Q

What is the MOA of Dextromethorphan?

A

Suppress cough centers in medulla oblongata

Reduce viscosity of Secretions

24
Q

What is Dextromethorphan used for?

A

dry, hacking, nonproductive cough/to ease expelling secretions from lower respiratory tract

To produce a productive, less frequent cough

25
Q

What ASE are associated with Dextromethorphan?

A

Nausea, Drowsiness, rash, difficulty breathing.

If high dose = Hallucinations, serotonin syndrome, Respiratory depression

26
Q

Can we recommend Dextromethorphan to children?

A

Only if the children are above the age of 6 years old.

Risk for respiratory depression

27
Q

What drug is classified as Expectorant?

A

Guaifenesin

28
Q

What is the MOA of Guaifenesin?

A

Loosening bronchial secretions so they can coughed out.

29
Q

What is Guaifenesin used for?

A

To have productive cough

30
Q

What ASE are associated with Guaifenesin?

A

Skin rash

Headache

N/V

Pharm Exam 3 Materials (5 decks)

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