Upper Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards
What muscle dilates nostrils and draws back upper lip?
Caninus m.
What muscle dilates the nostrils, rotates the conceal cartilages laterally and expands the nasal vestibule?
Lateralis Nasi
What muscle raises the upper lip and dilates nostrils?
Levator nasolabialis m.
What is the common name for :- Nasolacrimal Duct? Where are the secretions drained to? In Equine ND opens to where? In Canine & Feline ND opens onto where?
Tear Duct Drains tears and other eye secretions rostrally ending in the nasal cavity or nostril. EQUINE = opens onto vestibular floor near junction between mucous membrane and skin CANINE & FELINE = opens onto the lateral vestibular wall, central to alar fold.
What does the Dilatator naris apicalis do?
Narrows the philtrum area to dilate the nostrils.
What facial nerve innervates all muscles of the nostril?
Facial Nerve VII
What is the 5 elements of the Hyoid Apparatus? (One single transverse element and four paired elements)
(Sick Elephants Can Be Treated) Sternohyoid Epihyoid Ceratohyoid Basihyoid Thyrohyoid
What are the 3 main cartridges of the larynx?
(CAT) Cricoid Cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Thyroid cartridge
- What is the Soft Palate comprised of?
- The Soft Palate deliniates the regions of the Pharynx, name these regions
- What role does the Soft Palate have during swallowing (deglutition)
- Connective Tissue and Pharyngeal muscles
- Oropharynx, Nasopharynx, caudally it opens into the laryngopharynx
- The Soft Palate acts as a valve during swallowing
- The Hard Palate is made up of what three bones?
- What are rugae? What is their role?
- What organ is contained within the hard palate?
- Incisive, Palatine and Maxillary Bones
- Tranverse ridges which help the tongue direct food to the molars.
- Vomeronasal organ / Jakobson’s Organ
- What connects the oral and nasal cavities to the trachea and oesophagus?
- What are the functions of this?
- Name the three Regions
- The Pharynx
- The Pharynx functions as a passageway for air and food but also as a resonating chamber.
- The Pharynx regions are
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx
Label the Diagram
What are the 2 interactive valvues of the Pharynx?
The Soft Palate and the Epiglottis
Why are horses obligate nasal breathers?
Extended soft palate connect caudally with the epiglottis,
When the soft palate is locked in a ventral position by the epiglottis (button & Buttonhole) the air has a direct route into the trachea
What role does the Hyoid apperatus have?
The hyoid apperatus suspends the larynx and the base of the tongue from the tympanic region of tghe skull.
- Name the 5 parts of the Hyoid apperatus
- Whats the phrase to remember the order?
- Hyoid Apperatus
- Stylohoyid
- Epihyoid
- Ceratohyoid
- Basihyoid (Single transverse part)
- Thyrohyoid
- Sick Elephants Cant be Treated
Draw and Lable the Hyoid Apperatus
- What is the Rostral Lingual Process?
- What species will have this?
- Herbivores have a long molar arcade for chewing, so the basihyoid has a rostral lingual process supporting the large root of the tongue.
Where would you find the Basihyoid?
The Basihyoid is a single tranverse element of the Hyoid Apperatus, which connects left and right sides of the apperatus.
It is below the epiglottis
- What does the Eustachian tube connect?
- What are the functions of the Eustachian Tube?
- Eustachian Tube connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear (tympanic cavity)
- Functions include equalisation of the atmospheric pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane.
What does the Eustachian tube form in horses?
The Gutteral Pouch
Name the functions of the Gutteral Pouch
- Thermoregulation - warming of the air during inhalation and cooling of the brain via cooling of the carotid arteries
- Equilibruim across tympanic membrane
Draw and lable the Gutteral Pouch
Label the componants of the gutteral pouch in the picture below
