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VET274 > Upper Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What muscle dilates nostrils and draws back upper lip?

A

Caninus m.

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2
Q

What muscle dilates the nostrils, rotates the conceal cartilages laterally and expands the nasal vestibule?

A

Lateralis Nasi

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3
Q

What muscle raises the upper lip and dilates nostrils?

A

Levator nasolabialis m.

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4
Q

What is the common name for :- Nasolacrimal Duct? Where are the secretions drained to? In Equine ND opens to where? In Canine & Feline ND opens onto where?

A

Tear Duct Drains tears and other eye secretions rostrally ending in the nasal cavity or nostril. EQUINE = opens onto vestibular floor near junction between mucous membrane and skin CANINE & FELINE = opens onto the lateral vestibular wall, central to alar fold.

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5
Q

What does the Dilatator naris apicalis do?

A

Narrows the philtrum area to dilate the nostrils.

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6
Q

What facial nerve innervates all muscles of the nostril?

A

Facial Nerve VII

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7
Q

What is the 5 elements of the Hyoid Apparatus? (One single transverse element and four paired elements)

A

(Sick Elephants Can Be Treated) Sternohyoid Epihyoid Ceratohyoid Basihyoid Thyrohyoid

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8
Q

What are the 3 main cartridges of the larynx?

A

(CAT) Cricoid Cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Thyroid cartridge

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9
Q
  • What is the Soft Palate comprised of?
  • The Soft Palate deliniates the regions of the Pharynx, name these regions
  • What role does the Soft Palate have during swallowing (deglutition)
A
  • Connective Tissue and Pharyngeal muscles
  • Oropharynx, Nasopharynx, caudally it opens into the laryngopharynx
  • The Soft Palate acts as a valve during swallowing
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10
Q
  • The Hard Palate is made up of what three bones?
  • What are rugae? What is their role?
  • What organ is contained within the hard palate?
A
  • Incisive, Palatine and Maxillary Bones
  • Tranverse ridges which help the tongue direct food to the molars.
  • Vomeronasal organ / Jakobson’s Organ
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11
Q
  • What connects the oral and nasal cavities to the trachea and oesophagus?
  • What are the functions of this?
  • Name the three Regions
A
  • The Pharynx
  • The Pharynx functions as a passageway for air and food but also as a resonating chamber.
  • The Pharynx regions are
    • Nasopharynx
    • Oropharynx
    • Laryngopharynx
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12
Q

Label the Diagram

A
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13
Q

What are the 2 interactive valvues of the Pharynx?

A

The Soft Palate and the Epiglottis

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14
Q

Why are horses obligate nasal breathers?

A

Extended soft palate connect caudally with the epiglottis,

When the soft palate is locked in a ventral position by the epiglottis (button & Buttonhole) the air has a direct route into the trachea

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15
Q

What role does the Hyoid apperatus have?

A

The hyoid apperatus suspends the larynx and the base of the tongue from the tympanic region of tghe skull.

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16
Q
  • Name the 5 parts of the Hyoid apperatus
  • Whats the phrase to remember the order?
A
  • Hyoid Apperatus
    • Stylohoyid
    • Epihyoid
    • Ceratohyoid
    • Basihyoid (Single transverse part)
    • Thyrohyoid
  • Sick Elephants Cant be Treated
17
Q

Draw and Lable the Hyoid Apperatus

A
18
Q
  • What is the Rostral Lingual Process?
  • What species will have this?
A
  • Herbivores have a long molar arcade for chewing, so the basihyoid has a rostral lingual process supporting the large root of the tongue.
19
Q

Where would you find the Basihyoid?

A

The Basihyoid is a single tranverse element of the Hyoid Apperatus, which connects left and right sides of the apperatus.

It is below the epiglottis

20
Q
  1. What does the Eustachian tube connect?
  2. What are the functions of the Eustachian Tube?
A
  1. Eustachian Tube connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear (tympanic cavity)
  2. Functions include equalisation of the atmospheric pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane.
21
Q

What does the Eustachian tube form in horses?

A

The Gutteral Pouch

22
Q

Name the functions of the Gutteral Pouch

A
  • Thermoregulation - warming of the air during inhalation and cooling of the brain via cooling of the carotid arteries
  • Equilibruim across tympanic membrane
23
Q

Draw and lable the Gutteral Pouch

A
24
Q

Label the componants of the gutteral pouch in the picture below

A

VET274 (4 decks)

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