Upper resp tract infection Flashcards
Pharyngitis
What is it?
Inflammation of pharynx +/- exudate
Pharyngitis
Causes?
Viral (EBV, adenovirus)
Bacterial (group A beta haemolytic strep - s. pyogenes)
Pharyngitis
Sx?
Sore throat + fever
Viral = + cough + nasal congestion
bacterial = + exudative
Pharyngitis
what should be ruled out?
Rule out RHEUMATIC FEVER esp in children if bacterial
Systemic inflammatory disease, typically 2-4 weeks post group A strep infection - Rheumatic heart disease caused by this
Sinusitis
what is it?
inflamed mucosa of nasal cavities + nasal sinuses
Sinusitis
cause?
Mostly viral (<10 days, non purulent discharge) - self limiting
Sometimes bacterial (>10 days, purulent) - S.pneumo (40%), H.Influenzae (30%) Tx = Amoxicillin
Otitis Media
What is it?
Inflamed middle ear, typically children
Otitis Media
Cause?
Dx?
Bacterial or viral
Otoscopy shows inflamed erythematous tympanic membrane
Epiglottitis
What is it?
Inflammation of epiglottis, obstructs airway, mostly <5 children
Epiglottitis
MC cause?
Sx?
H. influenzae
Tripoding (leant forward, mouth open + tongue out = max air in), sore throat, SOB
Epiglottitis
Dx?
GS = Laryngoscopy
lateral radiograph (xray) = thumb print sign
Whooping cough
What is it?
chronic cough caused by Bordella Pertussis (gram -ve bacillus) - mainly children; 90% <5 y/o
Bordella increased virulence
Whooping cough
Pathology?
Sx?
Haemagglutrun + fimbrae adhere to URT
Adenylate cyclase toxin inhibits phagocyte chemotaxis
Pertussis toxin inhibits alveolar macrophages
Characteristic whoop in cough
What is croup/laryngobronchitis?
occasional complication of URTI particularly from parainfluenza + measles infection
Children <3 y/o
Croup
Sx?
Tx?
Hoarse voice + barking cough (croup)
stridar (high pitched wheeze when inhaling)
single dose dexamethasone
