Tuberculosis Flashcards
What is TB?
granulomatous caveating disease caused by mycobacterium
There are many Mycobacteria species (eg. M.leprae-leprosy, M.avium complex) but 4 species are known as?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
MTC –> TB causing
What are the 4 mycobacterium causing TB?
M.Tuberculosis*
M. Africanum
M. Microtis
M. Bavis
M.Bavis is from where?
Unpasteurised milk
Where is TB typically found? (country)
South Asia (India, china, Pakistan) + subsaharan Africa
How is it spread?
Airborne
How many people worldwide have TB?
1.7 billion world-wide have TB
Mostly latent
Rf of TB?
Country + travel associated (eg. to India)
Immunocompromised (eg. HIV)
homeless/crowded housing
IV DU
Smoking + alcohol
Increased age
Pathology of TB
TB phagocytoses but resist killing therefore form GRANULOMA (caseous)
T cells recruited + central region of granuloma undergoes caveating necrosis = 1^ GHON FOCUS in upper parts of lungs (increased ventilation which helps TB)
Ghon focus spreads to nearby lymph nodes - GHON COMPLEX (focus + lymph node spread)
In most, infection contained within granulomas (but TB doesn’t die) - Known as LATENT TB
(In immunosuppressed pX, MAY REACTIVATE + CAUSE HOST DEATH)
If TB spread systemically = MILITARY TB
If symptomatic (not latent, latent = aSx) then Sx?
Extrapulmonary Sx?
Characteristic night sweats, weight loss, also pyrexia, chest pain + Px looks unwell
Meningitis (therefore meningism fever), skin change, TB pericarditis Sx, joint pain
Dx of TB?
Mantoux skin (tuberculin) test - 10TB (latent or active)
Sputum Culture 3x = +ve acid fast bacilli, bright red with Ziehl Nelson
+ chest x ray, biopsy
Tx of TB?
RI(2)PE(6)
RIPE
Drug?
length of time taken for?
SE?
Rifampicin - 2 months - SE = Bloody Urine (haematuria)
Isoniazid - 2 months - SE = perIpheral neuropathy (tingling hands + feet)
Pyramidine - 6 months - SE = hePatitis
Ethambutamol - 6 months - SE = eye problems (optic neuritis)
