Upper Renal Tract Flashcards
What is the division in renal tract helpful for describing?
UTIs
A upper renal tract may spread to?
Kidneys (lower –> urethra and bladder)
Peritoneal membrane is in contact with the posterior aspecy of the kidneys. True or False?
False. Anterior.
What are the layers that enclose the kidney (from deep to superficial) ?
Capsule, Perinephric fat, renal (deep) fascia), Paranephrc fat, peritoneum (parietal)
Which 3 sets of muscles surround the kidney?
- posterior abdominal wall muscles
- anterolateral abdominal wall muscles
- back muscles
Where do the kidneys lie in relation to the posterior abdominal wall muscles ?
Lateral to Psoas major
Anterior to Qaudratus lumorum
Benefit of muscles surrounding the kidneys?
Protect the kidneys from trauma by gaurding.
Contents of the renal hilum?
Renal artery, renal vein, ureter
Which vertebral levels are associated with L and R kidneys?
L - T12-L2
R - L1-L3
Why is the right kidney lower?
It is displaced inferiorly by liver.
Floating ribs are ANTERIORLY related to the kidneys. True or False?
False. Posteriorly
Which quadrants and regions are the kidneys located in?
UPPER quadrants
FLANK regions
During examination why do you palpate (ballot) the kidney on inspiration?
As patient breathes in the kidney descend and you can “trap it” between palpating hands.
Clinical importance of the hepatorenal recess?
It is the most dependant (deepest) part of the peritoneal cavity when patient is SUPINE. Any abnormal fluid will collect here.
- Renal veins are ____ to renal arteries, and 2. common iliac veins are ___ to common iliac arteries?
- ANterior
2. Posterior
Abdominal aorta bifurcates at level of ?
Umbilicus (L4)
Uretieric blood supply is from which 5 points?
renal artery abdominal aorta common iliac artery internal iliac artery vesical (bladder) artery
What is the lymphatic drainage of
A. Kidneys
B. Ureter
?
A. Lumbar nodes (near aorta)
B. Lumbar nodes and Iliac nodes (around common, internal and external iliac vessels)
Why are renal pyramids (within the renal medulla) striated?
They contain 1000s of regularly arranged nephrons
What is the order of urine drainage from the kidney?
Minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter
The diameter of the urine drainage tubes gets increasingly wider from the minor calyx to the ureter. True or false?
FALSE. Increasingly wider up until the junction between the renal pelvis and ureter where there is a narrowing.
What are the three points of constriction along the urine drainage syste?
- pelviureteric junction
- ureter crossing anterior aspect of the common iliac artery (often crosses the bifurcation)
- ureteric orifice (opening into one corner of the trigone on the floor of the bladder)
Renal calculi (stones) can form from what?
Urine calcium salts
Why would a patient with obstruction of the ureter present with “colicky pain”?
In response to obstruction Smooth muscle within ureter begins peristalsis
Why is renal failure very very painful?
The kidney is held in a tight capsule that isnt very flexible (hard case) . The expansion of the kidney against this when urine backs up (hydronephrosis) is what cause the extreme pain.
What may cause unilateral back pressure of urine?
Obstruction in the calyxes or ureter (or bladder).
What can cause both unilateral and bilateral back pressure problems?
Obstruction within the bladder
What kidney problems will obstruction of the urethra cause?
Bilateral kidney problems
Urine production will continue until ?
P within urinary tract EXCEEDS the P favouring filtration at glomerulus
Definition of renal failure?
Failure to adequately filter the blood to produce urine.