Upper motor neurons part 2

Question 1

Medial Vestibulospinal Tract:

Changes of head position activate the?

Answer 1

activate the semicircular canals, sending sensory information via CNVIII to the brainstem and cerebellum

Question 2

Medial Vestibulospinal Tract:

Cerebellar axons reach the?

Answer 2

medial vestibular nucleus

Question 3

Medial Vestibulospinal Tract:

The medial vestibulospinal tract originates from the ?

Answer 3

medial vestibular nucleus

Question 4

Medial Vestibulospinal Tract terminates?

Answer 4

Terminates bilaterally in the medial ventral horn of the cervical cord

Question 5

Medial Vestibulospinal Tract Regulates?

Answer 5

head position by vestibulocervical (VCR) reflex

Question 6

Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract Travels through

Answer 6

the anterior white matter of the spinal cord lateral to the medial vestibulospinal tract

Question 7

Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract Terminates ?

Answer 7

Terminates ipsilaterally among medial lower MN for proximal muscles of the limbs

Question 8

Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract Facilitates the

Answer 8

activation of limb extensor (antigravity) muscles when the otolith organs signal deviations from stable balance and upright posture

Question 9

The Reticular Formation are

Answer 9

clusters of neurons creating a complicated network of circuits in the brainstem

Question 10

The Reticular Formation:

Mesencephalic and postal pontine reticular formation responsible for

Answer 10

Modulates forebrain activity

Question 11

The Reticular Formation:

Caudal pontine and medullary reticular formation responsible for?

Answer 11

Premotor coordination of lower somatic and visceral motor neuronal pools

Question 12

The Reticular Formation is best viewed as?

Answer 12

The reticular formation is best viewed as a heterogeneous collection of distinct neuronal clusters in the brainstem. These neuronal clusters either modulate the excitability of distant neurons in the forebrain and spinal cord or coordinate the firing patterns of more local lower motor neuron pools engaged in reflexive or stereotypical somatic motor and visceral motor behaviours.

Question 13

The neurons within the reticular formation serve a variety of functions, including

Answer 13

• cardiovascular and respiratory control.
• governance of myriad sensorimotor reflexes.
• coordination of eye movements.
• regulation of sleep and wakefulness.
• temporal and spatial coordination of limb and trunk movements.

Question 14

Indirect pathways from the motor cortex to the spinal cord:

The reticulospinal pathway terminates in the ?

Answer 14

The reticulospinal pathway terminates in the more medial parts of the ventral horn, where lower motor neurons that innervate axial and proximal muscles are located.

Question 15

Indirect pathways from the motor cortex to the spinal cord:

Thus, the motor cortex can influence the activity of ?

Answer 15

the motor cortex can influence the activity of spinal cord neurons via both direct and indirect routes.

Question 16

Indirect pathways from the motor cortex to the spinal cord :

Neurons in M1 also terminate on?

Answer 16

Neurons in M1 also terminate on neurons in the reticular formation to mediate postural adjustments that support the movement of the distal limbs

Question 17

Know the differences between the lateral vestibulospinal tract and the medial if you unable to awnser this question after learning all those cards go to the notes and answer it written down

Answer 17

you got it!