bassa gnanglia part 1 Flashcards
to learn for final
Functions of the basal ganglia
-Regulate muscle contraction,force.
-Initiation and termination of movement
-Regulate multi-joint movements .
-control movement sequence.
oculomotor control
-habit learning
what are the motor components of the human basal ganglia :input zone
Corpus Striatum which inculdes:
- Caudate
- putamen
What do the Striatum (caudate and Putamen) receive and from where?
The Caudate and Putamen Receive and process movement-related signals from the cerebral cortex and substantial nigra pars compacta.
Caudate receives input from?
- Multimodal association cortices.
- motor areas in the frontal lobe that control eye movements.
Putamen receives input from?
- S1 and S2 cortices in the parietal lobe.
- Extrastriate visual cortices in the occipital and temporal lobes.
- premotor and M1 cortices in the frontal Lobe.
- Auditory association areas in the temporal lobe.
Neurons and circuits of the basal ganglia :
Main Neurons of the Caudate and the putamen are?
the medium spiny neurons
Neurons and circuits of the basal ganglia:
Dendrites of medium spiny neurones receive input from ?
- Cortex
- Thalamus
- brainstem
- other medium spiny neurons
- local circuit interneurons
Neurons and circuits of the basal ganglia:
Where do Cortical inputs synapse on?
on the dendritic spines of the medium spiny neurons
Where do the Dopaminergic inputs come from??
the substance nigra pars compacta
Where do the Dopaminergic inputs from the substance nigra pars compacta synapse at?
At the base of the dendritic spine,in close proximity to the cortical synapses ,where they selectively modulate cortical input
where the Local circuit neuron and thalamic synapses are made on?
on the dendritic shafts and close to the cell soma, where they can modulate the effectiveness of cortical synaptic activation of the more distal end of the dendrites.
Axons from the Medium spiny neurons contact neurons in the ?
In the Pallidum (Globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata)
The palladium includes?
- Globus pallidus
- Substania nigra pars reticulata
The efferent neurons of the globes pallidus and substance nigra pars reticulata influence the?
the activity of upper motor neurons located in the motor cortex and the brainstem.
The pathway to the cortex arises primarily in the ?
reaches the motor cortex via?
medial division of the globus pallidus, called the internal segment, and reaches the motor cortex via a relay in the ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei of the thalamus.
