Upper/Lower Infectious/Non-Infectious Diseases Flashcards

Question

palliative treatment with lung cancer

Answer 1

goal: comfort and symptom relief Oxygen medications radiation (decrease tumor size/pain relief) thoracentesis (dyspnea management)

Answer 2

collects air, fluid, or blood from the pleural space allows the lung to re-expand prevents air from re-entering the pleural space wet drainage system

Answer 3

ensure dressing is tight and intact around tubing assess SOB and breath sounds check alignment of trachea Palpate for puffiness or crackling observe for signs of infection check to see if tube 'eyelets' (holes indicating dislodgment) are visible Keep drainage system lower than the level of the patient's chest asses for tidaling watch for tension pneumothorax and SQ emphysema

Answer 4

tracheal deviation sudden onset or increased intensity of dyspnea O2 sat less than 90 Drainage greater than 70mL/hr eyelets on the chest tube chest tube falls out of patient's chest

Answer 5

cyclical obstruction of the upper airway during sleep secondary to muscle relaxation breathing disruption during sleep that lasts at least 10 seconds and occurs a minimum of 5 times in an hour when airway is obstructed apnea occurs and the patient is awakened apnea increases blood CO2 and leads to acidosis (on a chronic level it can cause sedation)

Answer 6

most common cause is upper airway obstruction by the soft palate or tongue. can have a neurological cause

Answer 7

obesity large uvula short neck smoking enlarged tonsils or adenoids oropharyngeal edema

Answer 8

patient is often unaware persistent daytime sleepiness/lethargy wakes up tired frequent disruptions in sleep snoring irritability and personality changes

Answer 9

Epworth Sleepiness Scale Polysomnography Overnight strip oximetry

Answer 10

change in sleep position weight loss position fixing devices to prevent subluxation of tongue/neck structures drug therapy approved for sleep apnea non invasive positive-pressure ventilation NIPPV

Answer 11

adenoidectomy- remove tonsils uvulectomy- remove uvula UPP- remodeling entire posterior oropharynx Tracheostomy- for severe sleep apnea if not relieved by other interventions

Answer 12

excess fluid in the lungs resulting from an inflammatory process inflammation triggered by many infectious organisms and inhalation of irritating agents develops when the immune system cannot overcome the invading organisms

Answer 13

community acquired CAP hospital acquired HAP health care associated HCAP ventilator associated VAP

Answer 14

acquired in community

Answer 15

diagnosis less than 48 hours after admission to hospital

Answer 16

diagnosis greater than 48 hours after admission to a hospital and has had recent treatment at a health care facility (inpatient or outpatient)

Answer 17

diagnosis within 48-72 hours of intubation

Answer 18

older adult not vaccinated for flu or pneumococcal Chronic health problems limited mobility uses tobacco or alcohol altered LOC aspiration poor nutritional status immunocompromised status mechanical ventilation

Answer 19

avoid risk factors annual influenza vaccine pneumococcal vaccine avoid crowded areas during flu season hand washing cough, turn, and move if you have impaired mobility Clean respiratory equipment avoid indoor pollutants stop smoking drink 3L of fluid each day as recommended with diet

Answer 20

increased RR or dyspnea hypoxemia cough purulent, blood tinged, or rust colored sputum fever with or without chills pleuritic chest discomfort acute confusion from hypoxia

Answer 21

sputum by gram stain, culture, and sensitivity testing CBC to assess elevated WBC blood culture ABGs serum lactate level procalcitonin BUN and electrolytes

Answer 22

chest x ray pulse ox invasive tests: transtracheal aspiration, bronchoscopy, direct needle aspiration of the lung

Answer 23

impaired gas exchange related to decrease diffusion at the alveolar- capillary membrane

Answer 24

O2 therapy monitor pulse ox cough and deep breath every 2 hours incentive spirometry adequate hydration assess fluid status drug therapy

Answer 25

highly communicable mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted via aerosolization (airborne route)

Answer 26

reactivation of the disease in a previously infected person more likely in older adults and people who are immunocompromised

Answer 27

those in constant, frequent contact with an untreated person those who are immunocompromised people who live in crowded areas abusers of injections drugs or alcohol immigrants from countries with a higher incidence of TB

Answer 28

past exposure country of origin or travel to countries where incidence of TB is high had the BCG vaccine

Answer 29

progressive fatigue and lethargy nausea and anorexia weight loss low-grade fever night sweats may occur

Answer 30

NAA nucleic acid amplification test QuantiFERON TB Gold test

Answer 31

area of induration- localized swelling with hardness of soft tissue

Answer 32

combination drug therapy is most effective method of treatment and preventing transmission 2-3 drug combinations typical drug treatment for 6-12 months

Answer 33

infection prevention cover mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing wear a mask when in contact with crowds all members of a household must undergo TB testing

Answer 34

Airborne precautions- negative flow isolation room

Answer 35

high contagious acute viral infection respiratory

Answer 36

rapid onset severe headache muscle aches fever chills fatigue weakness N/V/D

Answer 37

yearly vaccinations for the prevention of influenza are recommended

Answer 38

hand hygiene staying home from gatherings when sick covering mouth and nose with a tissue when sneezing and coughing avoid close contact with other people

Answer 39

antiviral agents drugs that shorten the duration rest for several days increase fluid intake unless contraindicated saline gargles for sore throat antihistamines may reduce rhinorrhea droplet precautions if hospitalized