Upper Limbs Flashcards
Pectoralis Minor
Origin: Anterior ribs
Insertion: Scapula
Nerve: Medial Pectoral N
Function: Protract, depress and downward rotation
Where is it?: Muscles of the Scapulothoracic Joint
Serratus Anterior
Origin: Anterior scapula
Insertion: Ribs
Nerve: Long thoracic N
Function: Protract and upward rotation
Where is it?: (Posterior) muscles of the Scapulothoracic Joint
Trapezius
Origin: Spine
Insertion: Scapula
Nerve: CN 11 (Accessory N)
Function: Upper fibers - elevate, Middle fibres - retract, lower fibres - depress. Upper and lower fibres also rotate upwards
Where is it?: (Posterior) muscles of the Scapulothoracic Joint
Rhomboids
- Major
- Minor
Origin: Spine
Insertion: Scapula
Nerve: Dorsal Scapular N
Function: Retraction
Where is it?: (Posterior) Muscle of the Scapulothoracic joint
Coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: humerus
Nerve: musculocutaneous N
Function: flex the GHJ
Where is it?: muscle of the GHJ
Pectoralis Major
Origin: anterior chest
Insertion: humerus
Nerve: medial and lateral pectoral N
Function: adduction, flexion and medial/internal rotation of the GHJ
Where is it?: muscle of the GHJ
Triceps
- medial, lateral and longhead
Origin: medial & lateral: humerus longhead: scapula
Insertion: olecranon
Nerve: radial N
Function: extension of the GHJ, extension of the elbow
Where is it?: muscle of the GHJ, muscle of the ulnohumeral joint
Biceps Brachii
- short head
- long head
Origin: shorthead: coracoid process longhead: scapula
Insertion: radius
Nerve: musculocutaneous N
Function: flexing the GHJ, flex the elbow
Where is it?: muscle of the GHJ, ulnohumeral joint
Latissmus Dorsi
Origin: back
Insertion: humerus
Nerve: Thoracodorsal N
Function: Extend and adduct the GHJ
Where is it?: muscle of the GHJ
Teres Minor
Origin: inferior scapula
Insertion: humerus
Nerve: axially N
Function: laterally rotates the GHJ
Where is it?:
Teres Major
Origin: posterior scapula
Insertion: humerus
Nerve: subscapular N
Function: extend and adduct the GHJ
Where is it?: Muscle of the GHJ
Subscapularis
Origin: subscapular fossa (anterior scapula)
Insertion: humerus
Nerve: subscapular N
Function: medial rotation of the GHJ
Where is it?:
Supraspinatus
Origin: suprascapular fossa
Insertion: humerus
Nerve: suprascapular N
Function: lateral rotation and initiates abduction of the GHJ
Where is it?:
Infraspinatus
Origin: infrascapular fossa
Insertion: humerus
Nerve: suprascapular N
Function: lateral rotation of the GHJ
Where is it?:
Deltoid
Origin: scapula and clavicle
Insertion: humerus
Nerve: axillary N
Function: abduction of the GHJ
Where is it?:
Brachialis
Origin: anterior humerus
Insertion: ulna
Nerve: musculocutaneous N
Function: flex the elbow
Where is it?: muscle of the ulnohumeral joint
Flexor digtorum profundus
Origin: anterior ulna
Insertion: digits 2-5
Nerve: 1/2 median N, 1/2 ulnar N
Function: flex the digits 2-5 at the MCP joint, DIP joint and the PIP joint , weak flexion of the wrist
Where is it?: DEEP muscle of the anterior forearm
Flexor pollicis Longus
Origin: anterior radius
Insertion: 1st digit/thumb
Nerve: median N
Function: flex the thumb at the MCP joint and the IP joint
Where is it?: DEEP muscle of the anterior forearm
Pronator Quadratus
Origin: ulna
Insertion: radius
Nerve: median N
Function: pronate the forearm
Where is it?: DEEP muscle of the anterior forearm
Pronator Teres
Origin: Medial Humerus
Insertion: radius
Nerve: median N
Function: pronates forearm
Where is it?: SUPERFICIAL muscle of the anterior forearm
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Origin: medial humerus
Insertion: radial carapls
Nerve: median N
Function: flexes the wrist, radial deviation (abducts)
Where is it?: SUPERFICIAL muscle of the anterior forearm
Palmaris Longus
Origin: Medial humerus
Insertion: palm of hand
Nerve: median N
Function: weak wrist flexor
Where is it?: SUPERFICIAL muscle of the anterior forearm
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: medial humerus
Insertion: ulnar carpals
Nerve: Ulnar N
Function: flexes the wrist, ulnar deviation (adduction)
Where is it?: SUPERFICIAL muscle of the anterior forearm
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Origin: medial humerus
Insertion: digits 2-5
Nerve: median N
Function: weakly flexes the rest, flexes the MCP joint and the PIP joint
Where is it?: INTERMEDIATE muscle of the anterior forearm (under the flexor carpi radials and the palmaris longus)
Extensor Indicis
Origin: ulna
Insertion: digit 1
Nerve: radial N
Function: extend digit 1
Where is it?: DEEP muscle of the posterior forearm
Adductor pollicis longus
Origin: posterior forearm
Insertion: thumb
Nerve: radial N
Function: adduct the thumb
Where is it?: DEEP muscle of the posterior forearm
Extensor pollicus longus
Origin: posterior forearm
Insertion: thumb
Nerve: radial N
Function: extend the thumb at the MCP and IP
Where is it?: DEEP muscle of the posterior forearm
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
Origin: posterior foraerm
Insertion: thumb
Nerve: radial N
Function: extend the thumb at the MCP
Where is it?: DEEP muscle of the posterior forearm
Supinator
Origin: humerus
Insertion: ulna
Nerve: radial N
Function: supination
Where is it?: DEEP muscle of the posterior forearm
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis
Origin: lateral humerus
Insertion: metacarpals 2-3
Nerve: radial N
Function: extend the wrist and abduction/radial deviation
Where is it?: SUPERFICIAL muscle of the posterior forearm
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Origin: lateral humerus
Insertion: ulnar carpal bones
Nerve: radial N
Function: adduction or ulnar rotation of the wrist, extends wrist
Where is it?: SUPERFICIAL muscle of the posterior forearm
Extensor Digitorum
Origin: lateral humerus
Insertion: digits 2-5
Nerve: radial N
Function: extend digits 2-5, weakly extends the wrist
Where is it?: SUPERFICIAL muscle of the posterior forearm
