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Gross Anatomy Muscles > Lower Limbs > Flashcards

Lower Limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: superior gluteal nerve
Function: medial rotation of the thigh/hip joint, abduction of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of thigh/hip joint

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2
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: superior gluteal nerve
Function: medial rotation of the thigh/hip joint, abduction of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of thigh/hip joint

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3
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: superior gluteal nerve
Function: medial rotation of the thigh/hip joint, abduction of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of thigh/hip joint

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4
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: inferior gluteal nerve
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint, extension of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of thigh/hip joint

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5
Q

Obturator Internus

A

Origin: obturator foramen
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: N to obturator internus (passes through the lesser sciatic foramen)
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

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6
Q

Obturator Externus

A

Origin: obturator foramen
Insertion: proximal femur (behind anatomical neck of femur)
Nerve: obturator nerve
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

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7
Q

Superior Gemellus

A

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: N to the obturator internus
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

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8
Q

Inferior Gemellus

A

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: N to Quadratus Femoris
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

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9
Q

Quadratus Femoris

A

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: N to Quadratus Femoris
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

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10
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin: anterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur (head and neck of femur)
Nerve: N to piriformis (passes through greater sciatic foramen)
Function: lateral rotation of the thigh/hip joint
Where is it?: posterior muscle of the thigh/hip joint

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11
Q

Where do insertions at the proximal femur occur?

A

Occur at the greater trochanter of the femur or lower

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12
Q

What are the 6 lateral rotators?

A

Obturator internus, obturator externus, superior gemellus, inferior gemellus, piriformis, Quadratus Femoris

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13
Q

The Knee Joint

A
  • Tibiofemoral joint (3 bones: femur, tibia and the patella)
  • Hinge synovial joint
  • Fibrocartilaginous rings/menisci: medial meniscus –> semicircular, lateral miniscus –> almost a complete ring
  • responsible for shock absorbing, improving congruency and contact area
  • allows for the flexion and extension of the leg (at the knee)
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14
Q

Ligaments of the Knee

A

1) Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- connects the femur to the tibia
- resists valgus forces
- broad fan shaped ligament

2) Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
- connects the femur to the fibula
- resists varus forces

3) Posterior cruciate ligament
- starts at the posterior intercondylar tibia
- attaches to the inner aspect of the medial condyle
- prevents posterior translation of the tibia on the femur

4) Anterior cruciate ligament
- starts at the anterior tibia
- attaches to the inner portion of the lateral condyle
- prevents anterior translation of the tibia on the femur

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15
Q

Sartorius

A

Origin: anterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: femoral nerve
Function: FABER: flexion, abduction, external/lateral rotation at the thigh/hip, weak flexion at the knee
Where is it?: anterior portion of the thigh

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16
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Origin: anterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: femoral nerve
Function: flexes the thigh at the hip
Where is it?: anterior portion of the thigh

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17
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Origin: anterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal femur
Nerve: femoral nerve
Function: flexing the thigh at the hip, extending the leg at the knee joint
Where is it?: anterior portion of the thigh, makes part of the quadriceps

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18
Q

Vastus medialis, Vastus intermedius, Vastus lateralis

A

Origin: majority of the femur (relative origins)
Insertion: proximal tibia
Nerve: femoral nerve
Function: extend the leg at the knee joint
Where is it?: anterior portion of the thigh, make up the quadriceps

19
Q

Semitendinosus

A

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal tibia
Nerve: sciatic nerve
Function: extend the thigh at the hip, flex the leg at the knee
Where is it?: posterior portion of the thigh, make up the hamstrings

20
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin: posterior pelvis
Insertion: proximal tibia
Nerve: sciatic nerve
Function: extend the thigh at the hip, flex the leg at the knee
Where is it?: posterior portion of the thigh, make up the hamstrings

21
Q

Biceps femoris
- short head (deeper)
- long head (superficial)

A

Origin: mid-femur (short), posterior pelvis (long)
Insertion: fibula
Nerve: sciatic nerve
Function: extend the thigh at the hip, flex the leg at the knee
Where is it?: posterior portion of the thigh, make up the hamstrings

22
Q

Pectineus

A

Origin: pubic ramus
Insertion: proximal-medial femur
Nerve: femoral nerve
Function: flexing and adducting the thigh
Where is it?: medial portion of the thigh

23
Q

Adductor Brevis

A

Origin: pubic ramus
Insertion: proximal-medial femur
Nerve: obturator nerve
Function: adducting the thigh
Where is it?: medial portion of the thigh

24
Q

Adductor Longus

A

Origin: pubic ramus
Insertion: proximal-medial femur
Nerve: obturator nerve
Function: adducting the thigh
Where is it?: medial portion of the thigh

25
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: pubic ramus
Insertion: medial tibia
Nerve: obturator nerve
Function: adducting the thigh (flex the knee?)
Where is it?: medial portion of the thigh

26
Q

Adductor Magnus
- hamstring portion
- adductor portion

A

Origin: pubic ramus
Insertion: mid-femur (adductor portion), adductor tubercle (hamstring portion)
Nerve: sciatic nerve
Function: adduct the thigh (adductor portion), extend the thigh (hamstring portion)
Where is it?: medial portion of the thigh

27
Q

Sciatic Branches

A

Sciatic nerve –> tibial nerve (posterior leg) & common fibular nerve –> passes around fibular head –> superficial fibular nerve (lateral leg) and deep fibular nerve (anterior leg)

28
Q

Tibialis Posterior

A

Origin: posterior lower leg
Insertion: tarsals
Nerve:
Function: plantar flexion and inverting the foot
Where is it?: posterior leg (DEEP)

29
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin: posterior leg
Insertion: toes 2-5
Nerve:
Function: plantar flexion and flexing the toes
Where is it?: posterior leg (DEEP)

30
Q

Flexor Hallicus Longus

A

Origin: posterior lower leg
Insertion: 1st toe
Nerve:
Function: plantar flexion and flexing the 1st toe
Where is it?: posterior leg (DEEP)

31
Q

Describe Tom Dick ANd Harry

A

Tibularis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Posterior tibial Artery
Tibial Nerve
Flexor Hallicus Longus

32
Q

Soleus

A

Origin: posterior tibia and fibula
Insertion: calcaneus
Nerve:
Function: plantar flexion at the ankle
Where is it?: posterior leg (superficial to the tibialis posterior)

33
Q

Gastrocnemius & Plantaris
- gastrocnemius has a lateral and medial head

A

Origin: distal femur
Insertion: calcaneus
Nerve:
Function: plantar flexion at the ankle, flexion at the knee
Where is it?: posterior leg

34
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Origin: anterior lower leg
Insertion: tarsals
Nerve:
Function: dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
Where is it?: anterior leg

35
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin: anterior leg
Insertion: 2-5th toe
Nerve:
Function: dorsiflexion and extension of the 2nd-5th toe
Where is it?: anterior leg

36
Q

Extensor Hallicus Longus

A

Origin: anterior leg
Insertion: 1st toe
Nerve:
Function: dorsiflexion and extension of the 1st toe
Where is it?: anterior leg

37
Q

Fibularis Longus

A

Origin: lateral lower leg
Insertion: foot
Nerve:
Function: everts foot and weak plantarflexion
Where is it?: lateral leg

38
Q

Fibularis Brevis

A

Origin: anterior leg
Insertion: toes 2-5
Nerve:
Function: everts foot and weak plantarflexion
Where is it?: lateral leg

39
Q

Ligaments of the lower leg

A

Tibiofibular: anterior and posterior
- in between the tibia and the fibula
- works to stabilize the inferior tibiofibular joint

40
Q

Ligaments of the lateral leg

A

Lateral collateral ligaments
- Anterior talofibular ligament
- Posterior talofibular ligament
- Calcaneofibular ligament
- resist inversion

41
Q

Ligaments of the medial ankle

A

Medial collateral ligaments/deltoid ligament
- resist eversion

42
Q

Joints of the Ankle and Foot

A
  1. Talocrural Joint - true ankle joint
    - responsible for plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
  2. Subtalar Joint
    - between calcaneus and talus
    - responsible for inversion and eversion
  3. Metatarsalphalangeal joints
    - between the metatarsals and the proximal phalanges
    - flexion, extension, abduction and adduction (axis down 2nd toe)
  4. Interphalangeal joints (proximal and distal)
    - responsible for flexion and extension
  5. Calcaneocuboid Joint - between calcaneous bone and cuboid bone
  6. Talonavicular Joint - between talus and navicular bone

*5 and 6 make the transverse tarsal joint

43
Q

Which joints allow for inversion and eversion of the foot

A

Subtalar and the transverse tarsal joint

44
Q

Hip Joint & Stability

A
  1. Articular cartilage that covers the lunate surface of the pelvis and the head of the femur
  2. Acetabular Labrum
  3. Transverse acetabular ligament (spans the acetabular notch)
  4. Ligament of the femoral head

Stability is due to:
- surrounding muscles
-intrinsic ligaments
- articular capsule
- deep socket

Gross Anatomy Muscles (2 decks)

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