Upper Limb Muscles

Question 1

Name the nerve which innervates the Pectoralis major and the muscle action.

Answer 1

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves, C6-8

Adduction, medial rotation (clavicular head flexes arm, sternocostal extends arm)

Question 2

Name the nerve which innervates the subclavius and the muscle action.

Answer 2

Nerve to subclavius, C5

Anchors and depresses clavicle

Question 3

Name the nerve which innervates Pectoralis minor and its muscle action.

Answer 3

Medial pectoral nerve

Stabilises the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly

Question 4

What is the innervation of serratus anterior and what is its muscle action?

Answer 4

Long thoracic nerve C6/7

Protracts and rotates scapula (abduction +90 degrees)

Question 5

Name the five muscles of the posterior axio-appendicular region.

Answer 5

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Levator scapulae 
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

Question 6

What nerve innervates the trapezius and what is its action?

Answer 6

Spinal accessory nerve, C3/4
Elevates, depresses and retracts scapula
Rotates glenoid cavity superiorly

Question 7

What is the innervation and action if latissimus dorsi?

Answer 7

Thoracodorsal nerve, C6-8

Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus

Question 8

What is the innervation and action of levator scapulae?

Answer 8

Dorsal scapular nerve, C4/5

Elevates scapula and rotates inferiorly

Question 9

What is the innervation and action of rhomboid minor and major?

Answer 9

Dorsal scapular nerve

Retracts scapula and rotates inferiorly

Question 10

Name the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder (*including rotator cuff).

Answer 10

Deltoid
There's major
Supraspinatus*
Infraspinatus*
Subscapularis*
Teres minor*

Question 11

What is the innervation and action of the deltoid?

Answer 11

Axillary nerve, C5/6
Anterior part- flexion and medial rotation of arm
Middle part- abduction (15-90 degrees)
Posterior part- extends and laterally rotates arm

Question 12

What is the innervation and action of supraspinatus?

Answer 12

Suprascapular nerve, C4-6
Initiates abduction (up to 15 degrees)

Question 13

What is the innervation and action of the subscapularis?

Answer 13

Upper and lower subscapular nerves, C5-7

Medial rotation of arm

Question 14

What is the innervation and action of infraspinatus?

Answer 14

Suprascapular nerve, C5/6

Lateral rotation of arm

Question 15

What is the innervation and action of teres minor?

Answer 15

Axillary nerve

Lateral rotation of arm

Question 16

What is the innervation and action of teres major?

Answer 16

Lower subscapular nerve, C5/6

Adducts and medially rotates the arm

Question 17

Name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm.

Answer 17

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

Question 18

Name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm.

Answer 18

Triceps brachii

Aconeus

Question 19

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 19

Musculocutaneous nerve, C5-7

Apart from part of the Brachialis which is the radial nerve

Question 20

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 20

Radial nerve, C6-8

Question 21

What are the actions of the biceps brachii?

Answer 21

Supination

Flexion

Question 22

What are the movements of the coracobrachialis?

Answer 22

Flexion

Adduction

Question 23

What is the movement of the Brachialis?

Answer 23

Flexion

Question 24

What are the movements of the triceps brachii?

Answer 24

Extension

Question 25

What are the actions of the aconeus?

Answer 25

Extension | May abduct ulna in pronation

Question 26

Name the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

Answer 26

Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 27

Name the intermediate and deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm.

Answer 27

Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus

Question 28

Which nerve primarily innervates the anterior compartment, and what are the exceptions to this rule?

Answer 28

Median nerve, C6-7 FCU is the ulnar nerve, C7-8 Medial part of FDP is also ulnar nerve, C8/T1 Note- the FPL and lateral part of FDP are innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve

Question 29

What is the action of FCR?

Answer 29

Flexes and abducts hand

Question 30

What is the action of pronator teres?

Answer 30

Pronates and flexes at the elbow

Question 31

What is the action of palmaris longus?

Answer 31

Flexes hand and tenses palmar aponeurosis

Question 32

What is the action of FCU?

Answer 32

Flexes and adducts hand

Question 33

What is the action of FDS?

Answer 33

Flexes middle phalanges at proximal IPJs | Flexes proximal phalanges at MCPJs

Question 34

What is the action of FPL?

Answer 34

Flexes phalanges of thumb

Question 35

What is the action of FDP?

Answer 35

Medial part- flexes distal phalanges 4/5 at IPJs | Lateral part- flexes distal phalanges 2/3 at IPJs

Question 36

What is the action of pronator quadratus?

Answer 36

Pronates forearm

Question 37

Name the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 37

``` Brachioradialis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi ```

Question 38

Name the deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 38

``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor incidis ```

Question 39

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 39

Radial nerve, C7-8

Question 40

What is the action of the brachioradialis?

Answer 40

Flexion of forearm

Question 41

What is the action of the ECU

Answer 41

Extension | Adduction

Question 42

What is the action of ECRL?

Answer 42

Extend and abduct hand

Question 43

What is the action of ECRB?

Answer 43

Extend and abduct hand

Question 44

What is the action of extensor digitorum?

Answer 44

Extends medial 4 digits at MCPJs and IPJs

Question 45

What is the action of EDM?

Answer 45

Extends fifth digit at MCPJ and IPJs

Question 46

What is the action of the supinator?

Answer 46

Supination and rotation of radius

Question 47

What is the action of APL?

Answer 47

Abducts and extends thumb at CMCJ

Question 48

What is the action of EPL?

Answer 48

Extends distal phalanx of thumb | Extends MCPJ and CMCJs

Question 49

What is the action of EPB?

Answer 49

Extends proximal phalanx at MCPJ and CMCJ

Question 50

What is the action of extensor incidis?

Answer 50

Extends second digit | Extension of hand

Question 51

What are the thenar muscles of the hand?

Answer 51

Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis

Question 52

What is the innervation of the thenar muscles?

Answer 52

Recurrent branch of median, C8/T1 Deep head of FPB is the ulnar nerve

Question 53

What are the hypothenar muscles?

Answer 53

Flexor digiti minimi brevis Abductor digiti minimi Opponens digiti minimi

Question 54

What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

Answer 54

Ulnar nerve

Question 55

What other muscles are there in the hand?

Answer 55

Adductor pollicis Lumbricals Palmaris brevis Dorsal and palmar interossei

Question 56

What is the innervation of adductor pollicis and what is its action?

Answer 56

Deep branch of ulnar | Allows Adduction of thumb

Question 57

What is the innervation of the lumbricals and what is their action?

Answer 57

1st and 2nd- median nerve, C8/T1 3rd and 4th- ulnar nerve Flex MCPJs and extends IPJs

Question 58

What is the innervation of the interossei and what are their actions?

Answer 58

Ulnar nerve, C8/T1 DAB PAD

Question 59

Name the four muscles of the pectoral region.

Answer 59

Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Subclavius Serratus anterior