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M2 MSK > upper limb muscles > Flashcards

upper limb muscles Flashcards

1
Q

posterior proximal muscles to the shoulder (NOT shoulder muscles)

A

trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid major and minor, latissimus dorsi

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2
Q

trapezius origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: C7-T12
insertion: superior nuchal line, lateral 1/3 of clavicle, spine of scapula
nerve: spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)

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3
Q

levator scapulae origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: C1-C4
insertion: medial border of scapula
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (branch of brachial plexus)

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4
Q

rhomboid major origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: T2-T5
insertion: medial border of scapula
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (branch of brachial plexus)

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5
Q

rhomboid minor origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: C7-T1
insertion: medial border of scapula
innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (branch of brachial plexus)

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6
Q

latissimus dorsi origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: T6-L5, inferior 4 ribs, iliac crest
insertion: bicipital groove of humerus
innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (branch of brachial plexus)

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7
Q

anterior proximal muscles to the shoulder (NOT shoulder muscles)

A

serratus anterior, pectoralis major and minor, subclavius

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8
Q

serratus anterior origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: ribs 1-8
insertion: anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula
innervation: long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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9
Q

pectoralis major origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: (clavicular) medial 1/2 of clavicle, (sternocostal) anterior sternum and superior 6 costal cartilages
insertion: lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus
innervation: lateral (from C5-C7) and medial pectoral nerves (both from brachial plexus)

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10
Q

pectoralis minor origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: external surface of ribs 3-5, near costal cartilages
insertion: coracoid process of scapula
innervation: medial pectoral nerve

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11
Q

subclavius origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: medial 1/3 of clavicle
insertion: 1st rib
innervation: nerve to subclavius

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12
Q

shoulder muscles

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres major and minor, subscapularis, deltoid

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13
Q

supraspinatus origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
insertion: greater tuberosity of humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve (C4, C5, C6)

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14
Q

infraspinatus origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
insertion: greater tuberosity of the humerus
innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)

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15
Q

teres minor origin, insertion innervation

A

origin: middle portion of the lateral border of the scapula
insertion: greater tuberosity of the humerus
innervation: axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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16
Q

subscapularis origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
insertion: lesser tuberosity of the humerus
innervation: subscapular nerve (C5, C6, C7)

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17
Q

teres major origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
insertion: medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus
innervation: lower subscapular nerve

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18
Q

deltoid origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: (anterior) clavicle, (middle) acromion of scapula, (posterior) spine of scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
innervation: axillary nerve (C5, C6)

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19
Q

boundaries of the axilla (4)

A

anteriorly: pectoralis major and minor
posteriorly: subscapularis and scapula
medially: serratus anterior and 1-4 ribs
laterally: intertubercular groove

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20
Q

anterior muscles of the upper arm

A

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis

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21
Q

coracobrachialis origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: coracoid process of scapula
insertion: medial humerus
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (branch of brachial plexus)

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22
Q

biceps brachii origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: (long head) supraglenoid tubercle, (short head) coracoid process
insertion: radial tuberosity
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (branch of brachial plexus)

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23
Q

brachialis origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: anterior surface of humerus
insertion: ulnar tuberosity
innervation: musculocutaneous nerve (branch of brachial plexus)

24
Q

posterior muscles of the upper arm

A

anconeus, triceps brachii

25
Q

anconeus origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
insertion: posterior surface of ulnar
innervation: radial nerve

26
Q

triceps brachii origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: (long head) infraglenoid tubercle, (lateral head) posterior humerus, (medial head) posterior humerus
insertion: olecranon of the ulna
innervation: radial nerve

27
Q

anterior muscles of the lower arm

A

superficial: pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

intermediate: flexor digitorum superficialis

deep: flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

28
Q

pronator teres origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus + coronoid process of ulna
insertion: lateral surface of radius
innervation: median nerve

29
Q

flexor carpi radialis origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: bases of 2nd metacarpal
innervation: median nerve

30
Q

palmaris longus origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
insertion: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
innervation: median nerve

31
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus + olecranon of ulna
insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate and base of 5th metacarpal
innervation: ulnar nerve

32
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna, superior 1/2 of radius
insertion: middle phalanx of medial 4 fingers
innervation: median nerve

33
Q

flexor digitorum profundus origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: ulna and interosseous membrane
insertion: distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers
innervation: ulnar nerve (medial 1/2) and median nerve (lateral 1/2)

34
Q

flexor pollicis longus origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
innervation: median nerve

35
Q

pronator quadratus origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: anterior surface of shaft of ulna
insertion: anterior surface of shaft of radius
innervation: median nerve

36
Q

cubital fossa boundaries

A

medial: pronator teres
lateral: brachioradialis
superior: lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus
floor: brachialis and supinator
roof: deep fascia and bicipital aponeurosis

37
Q

contents of cubital fossa of the elbow (Mother Bought Ten Rabbits)

A

median nerve, bifurcation of brachial artery (into radial and ulnar arteries), tendon of biceps brachii, radial nerve, cephalic vein, basilic vein, median cubital vein

38
Q

carpal tunnel boundaries

A

floor: carpal tunnel bones
roof: flexor retinaculum

spans over the carpal bones, scaphoid lunate triquetrum pisiform trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate

39
Q

posterior lower arm muscles

A

extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, brachioradialis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis, supinator

40
Q

posterior arm muscles originating from the lateral supracondyle of the humerus (and their insertions)

A

extensor carpi radialis longus, inserts at base of 2nd metacarpal
brachioradialis, inserts at midshaft of radius

41
Q

posterior arm muscles originating from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (and their insertions)

A
  1. extensor carpi radialis brevis (base of 3rd metacarpal)
  2. extensor digitorum (middle + distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers)
  3. extensor digiti minimi (extensor expansion of little finger)
  4. extensor carpi ulnaris (base of 5th metacarpal)
  5. supinator (proximal 1/3 of radius)
42
Q

abductor pollicis longus origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: posterior surface of shafts of radius and ulna
insertion: base of 1st metacarpal
innervation: radial nerve

43
Q

extensor pollicis longus origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: posterior surface of shaft of radius
insertion: base of 1st metacarpal
innervation: radial nerve

44
Q

extensor pollicis brevis origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: posterior surface of shaft of radius
insertion: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
innervation: radial nerve

45
Q

extensor indicis origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: posterior surface of shaft of ulna
insertion: extensor expansion of index finger
innervation: radial nerve

46
Q

thenar muscles and innervation

A

abductor pollicis brevis (median nerve), flexor pollicis brevis (median nerve), opponens pollicis (median nerve), adductor pollicis (ulnar nerve)

47
Q

short muscles of the hand (lumbricals) origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
insertion: lateral extensor expansions of digits 2-5
innervation: median nerve (lumbricals 1-2), ulnar nerve (lumbricals 3-4)

48
Q

dorsal interossei origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: metacarpals
insertion: extensor expansion and bases of proximal phalanges
innervation: ulnar nerve

to abduct the digits!

49
Q

palmar interossei origin, insertion, innervation

A

origin: metacarpals
insertion: extensor expansion and bases of proximal phalanges
innervation: ulnar nerve

50
Q

contents of the axilla

A

brachial plexus, axillary artery and branches, axillary vein, axillary lymph nodes

51
Q

carpal tunnel contents

A

median nerve, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus

52
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome pathogenesis and presentation

A

pathogenesis: compression of the median nerve within the tunnel (due to thickening of synovial sheaths/arthritic changes in carpal bones)

presentation: burning pain along the median nerve to lateral 3.5 fingers and weakness of thenar muscles, positive Phalen’s sign and Tinel’s sign

53
Q

positive Phalen’s sign and indication

A

flexion of the wrist (90°) for 30-60s will compress the carpal tunnel, producing carpal tunnel syndrome signs

54
Q

positive Tinel’s sign and indications

A

palpation of median nerve when it runs superficially results in tingling in the distal portions supplied (lateral 3.5 fingers), indicates carpal tunnel syndrome

55
Q

anatomical snuffbox boundaries and significance

A

medial: tendon of extensor pollicis longus
lateral: tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
significance: area to palpate the scaphoid bone (checking for fracture) and pulsations of the radial artery

M2 MSK (10 decks)

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