lower limb muscles

Question 1

anterior gluteal muscles (2)

Answer 1

psoas major (T12-L5 vertebrae to lesser trochanter of femur), iliacus (iliac fossa to lesser trochanter of femur): cause flexion of hip

Question 2

medial gluteal muscles (5)

Answer 2

gracilis (ischiopubic ramus to medial tibial shaft), adductor magnus (ischiopubic ramus to posterior femoral shaft), adductor brevis (ischiopubic ramus to posterior femoral shaft), adductor longus (ischiopubic ramus to posterior femoral shaft - below brevis), pectineus (superior ramus of pubis to posterior femoral shaft)

all allow for adduction, adductors also allow for lateral rotation

Question 3

posterior deep gluteal muscles

Answer 3

mostly not that important
gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, obturator internus, obturator externus, piriformis, quadratus femoris: all allow for lateral rotation of the hip

Question 4

posterior superficial gluteal muscles

Answer 4

gluteus maximus (outer surface of ilium to gluteal tuberosity of femur and lateral condyle of tibia): extension and lateral rotation
gluteus medius (outer surface of ilium to lateral surface of greater trochanter), gluteus minimus (outer surface of ilium to anterior surface of greater trochanter): abduction and medial rotation

Question 5

landmarks of the piriformis

Answer 5

piriformis runs across the greater sciatic foramen - superior gluteal muscles and vessels emerge superior to it while inferior gluteal muscles and vessels run inferior to it

Question 6

lateral gluteal muscle

Answer 6

tensor fascia lata (iliac crest and ASIS to lateral condyle of tibia): extension

Question 7

anterior thigh muscles

Answer 7

vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris (all form quadriceps tendon, inserting onto patella and tibial tuberosity): extension of leg

sartorius (ASIS to medial surface of proximal tibia): flexion and medial rotation of leg, flexion abduction and lateral rotation of hip

Question 8

posterior thigh muscles

Answer 8

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus (form the hamstrings): allow for flexion and medial rotation of the leg

all originate from ischial tuberosity except short head of biceps femoris (posterior femoral shaft)

Question 9

pes anserinus muscles

Answer 9

sartorius, gracilis, popliteus (insert at the proximal medial surface of tibia): access point for leg surgeries

Question 10

anterior leg muscles

Answer 10

tibialis anterior (inverts foot), extensor digitorum longus (extends toes), extensor hallucis longus (inverts foot), peroneus tertius (everts foot): all extend foot at ankle

Question 11

lateral leg muscles

Answer 11

peroneus brevis, peroneus longus: plantar flexes foot, everts foot

Question 12

posterior superficial leg muscles

Answer 12

soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris (flexes knee): plantar flexes foot

inserts at posterior calcaneus

Question 13

posterior deep leg muscles

Answer 13

flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, popliteus: functions are based on name (+ popliteus flexes and unlocks knee)

Question 14

dorsum of foot muscle

Answer 14

extensor digitorum brevis: extends toes

Question 15

first layer of foot muscles

Answer 15

abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi

Question 16

second layer of foot muscles

Answer 16

quadratus plantae, 4x lumbricals, tendons of flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus

Question 17

third layer of foot muscles

Answer 17

flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 18

fourth layer of foot muscles

Answer 18

dorsal interossei, plantar interossei, tendons of peroneus longus and tibialis posterior