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MSK > Upper limb muscles > Flashcards

Upper limb muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the origin and root value of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A
  • C5-C7 from the lateral cord
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2
Q

What is the origin and root value of the median nerve?

A
  • C6-T1 from that lateral and medial cords
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3
Q

What is the origin and root value of the ulnar nerve?

A
  • C8-T1 from the medial cord
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4
Q

What is the origin and root value of the axillary nerve?

A
  • C5-C6 from posterior cord
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5
Q

What is the origin and root value of the radial nerve?

A
  • C5-T1 from posterior cord
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6
Q

What is the origin and root value of the long thoracic nerve?

A
  • C5-7 directly from anterior rami of spinal nerves i.e. from the roots
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7
Q

What is the origin and root value of the medial pectoral nerve?

A
  • C8-T1 from medial cord
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8
Q

What is the origin and root value of the lateral pectoral nerve?

A
  • C5-C7 from lateral cord
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9
Q

Pectoralis major (origins)

A
  • Clavicular head originates from anterior surface of medial clavicle
  • Sternocostal head originates from anterior surface of
    sternum, upper six costal cartilages and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
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10
Q

Pectoralis major (minus origins)

A
  • Insertion = intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
  • Action = Adducts arm, flexes arm at shoulder joint, internally rotates shoulder
  • Innervation = medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1) and lateral pectoral nerve (C5-7)
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11
Q

Pectoralis minor

A
  • Originates from 3rd-5th ribs
  • Inserts into coracoid process of the scapula
  • Action = stabilises scapula
  • Innervation = medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1)
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12
Q

Serratus anterior

A
  • Originates from lateral aspects of ribs 1-8
  • Insert into medial border of scapula
  • Action = protracts scapula, allows upper limb to be abducted above 90 degrees at the shoulder, holds medial border of scapula against ribcage
  • Innervation = long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
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13
Q

Coracobrachialis

A
  • Originates from coracoid process of scapula
  • Inserts onto medial surface of humeral shaft at same level of deltoid tubercle
  • Action = flexes arm at shoulder and weakly adducts arm
  • Innervation - musculocutaneous nerve
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14
Q

Deltoid

A
  • Originates from lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
  • Inserts onto deltoid tuberosity of humerus
  • Actions = flexes and medially rotates arm at shoulder (anterior fibres), abducts arm from 15-90 degrees (middle fibres), and extends and laterally rotates arm at shoulder (posterior fibres)
  • Innervation = axillary nerve
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15
Q

What are the borders of the axilla?

A
  • Anterior border = pectoralis major and minor
  • Medial border = serratus anterior and thoracic wall
  • Posterior border = scapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi
  • Lateral border = intertubercular sulcus
  • Apex = lateral border of first rib
  • Base = axillary fascia
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16
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A
  • Superficial: trapezius and latissimus dorsi
  • Deep: levator scapulae, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor
17
Q

What are the origins of the trapezius?

A
  • External occipital protuberance
  • Nuchal ligament
  • Spinous processes of C7-T12
18
Q

What are the insertions of the trapezius?

A
  • Clavicle
  • Acromion
  • Spine of the scapula
19
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A
  • Spinal accessory nerve
20
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A
  • Elevate the scapula and rotate it during abduction of the arm above 90 degrees
  • Retract scapular and pull it innferiorly
21
Q

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

A
  • Spinous processes of T6-T12
  • Iliac crest
  • Thoracolumbar fascia
  • Inferior 3 ribs
22
Q

Latissimus dorsi (minus origin)

A
  • Inserts onto intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • Action = extends, adducts, and medially rotates upper limb
  • Innervated by thoracodorsal nerve
23
Q

Levator scapulae

A
  • Originates from transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
  • Inserts on medial border of scapula
  • Action = elevates scapula
  • Innervation = Dorsal scapula nerve
24
Q

Rhomboid minor

A
  • Originates from spinous processes of the C7-T1 vertebrae
  • Inserts onto medial border of scapula
  • Action = retracts scapula and rotates medial border, helps return arm to original position after abduction >90 degrees
  • Innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
25
Q

Rhomboid major

A
  • Originates from spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
  • Inserts onto medial border of scapula
  • Action = retracts scapula and rotates medial border, helps return arm to original position after abduction >90 degrees
  • Innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
26
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A
  • Deltoid
  • Teres major
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres minor
27
Q

Teres major

A
  • Originates from inferior angle of scapula
  • Inserts onto medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus
  • Action = adduction and extension of arm at shoulder, medially rotates arm
  • Innervated by lower subscapular nerve
28
Q

Supraspinatus

A
  • Originates from supraspinatus fossa of the scapula
  • Inserts onto the greater tubercle of the humerus
  • Actions = abducts the arm from 0-15 degrees
  • Innervation = suprascapular nerve
29
Q

Infraspinatus

A
  • Originates from infraspinous fossa of scapula
  • Inserts onto greater tubercle of humerus
  • Action = laterally rotates arm
  • Innervation = suprascapular nerve
30
Q

Subscapularis

A
  • Originates from subscapular fossa on scapula
  • Inserts onto lesser tubercle of humerus
  • Action = medially rotates arm
  • Innervation = upper and lower subscapular nerves
31
Q

Teres minor

A
  • Originates from posterior surface of scapula
  • Inserts onto greater tubercle humerus
  • Action = laterally rotates arm
  • Innervation = axillary nerve
32
Q

Biceps brachii (long head)

A
  • Origin is supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • Combines with short head to insert onto radial tuberosity via biceps tendon and deep fascia of forearm
  • Action = strong supinator of forearm and flexion of arm at elbow and shoulder joints
  • Innervation = musculocutaneous nerve
33
Q

Biceps brachii (short head)

A
  • Origin is coracoid process of scapula
  • Combines with long head to insert onto radial tuberosity via biceps tendon and deep fascia of forearm
  • Action = strong supinator of forearm and flexion of arm at elbow and shoulder joints
  • Innervation = musculocutaneous nerve
34
Q

Coracobrachialis

A
  • Origin is coracoid process of scapula
  • Insertion is medial side of the humeral shaft
  • Action = flexes arm at shoulder and is a weak adductor of the arm
  • Innervation = musculocutaneous nerve
35
Q

Brachialis

A
  • Origin is anterior surface of distal half of humeral shaft
  • Insertion is coronoid process of the ulna and ulnar tuberosity
  • Action = flexes forearm at the elbow
  • Innervation = musculocutaneous nerve with contributions from the radial nerve (C5 and C6)
36
Q

What are the origins of the three heads of the triceps brachii?

A
  1. Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
  2. Lateral head - shaft of humerus superior to the radial groove
  3. Medial head - shaft of humerus inferior the the radial groove
37
Q

Triceps brachii (minus origins)

A
  • Inserts onto olecranon of the ulna
  • Action = extends forearm at elbow
  • Innervation = radial nerve

MSK (5 decks)

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