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MSK > Lower limb muscles > Flashcards

Lower limb muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Psoas major

A
  • Origin - transverse processes of L1-L5
  • Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
  • Action - flexes thigh at hip
  • Innervation - Anterior rami of L1-L3
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2
Q

Iliacus

A
  • Origin - iliac fossa
  • Insertion - lesser trochanter of femur
  • Action - flexes thigh at hip
  • Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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3
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A
  • Origin - ASIS and anterior portion of iliac crest
  • Insertion - iliotibial tract (inserts onto lateral condyle of tibia)
  • Action - flexes, abducts and medially rotates the thigh. Stabilises hip joint and extended knee
  • Innervation - superior gluteal nerve (L4 and L5)
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4
Q

Sartorius

A
  • Origin - ASIS
  • Insertion - Superior portion of medial surface of tibial shaft
  • Action - flexes, abducts and laterally rotates thigh. Flexes leg at knee joint. Think of sitting cross-legged on floor.
  • Innervation - femoral nerve (anterior rami of L2 and L3)
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5
Q

Rectus femoris

A
  • Origin - AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum (2 heads)
  • Insertion - quadriceps tendon (inserts into base of patella and into tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament)
  • Action - extends leg at knee joint
  • Innervation - femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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6
Q

Vastus lateralis

A
  • Origin - greater trochanter of femur and lateral lip of linea aspera
  • Insertion - lateral patella and tendon of rectus femoris
  • Action - Extends leg at knee
  • Innervation - femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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7
Q

Vastus intermedius

A
  • Origin - anterior and lateral aspects of femoral shaft
  • Insertion - posterior surface of upper border of patella and forms part of quadriceps tendon
  • Action - extends leg at knee
  • Innervation - femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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8
Q

Vastus medialis

A
  • Insertion - intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur
  • Origin - medial border of quadriceps tendon and medial side of patella
  • Action - extends leg at knee joint
  • Innervation - femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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9
Q

Pectineus

A
  • Origin - pectineal line of pubic bone
  • Insertion - pectineal line on posterior aspect of femur inferior to lesser trochanter
  • Action - adducts and flexes thigh at hip joint
  • Innervation - femoral nerve (L2 and L3)
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10
Q

Adductor longus

A
  • Origin - body of pubic bone, just beneath pubic tubercle
  • Insertion - linea aspera of femur
  • Action - adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates thigh
  • Innervation - obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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11
Q

Adductor brevis

A
  • Origin - body and inferior ramus of pubis
  • Insertion - pectineal line and proximal portion of linea aspera of femur
  • Action - adducts thigh at hip joint, flexes and medially rotates thigh
  • Innervation - obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
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12
Q

Obturator externus

A
  • Origin - obturator foramen and obturator membrane
  • Insertion - intertrochanteric fossa
  • Action - laterally rotates thigh and steadies head of femur in acetabulum
  • Innervation - obturator nerve (L3 and L4)
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13
Q

Adductor magnus

A
  • Origin - inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium, ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion - linea aspera, medial supracondylar line (adductor portion), adductor tubercle of femur (hamstring portion
  • Action - adducts thigh at hip
  • Innervation - obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4 - adductor portion) and tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L4 - hamstring portion)
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14
Q

Gracilis

A
  • Origin - body and inferior ramus of pubis
  • Insertion - medial aspect of upper portion of tibia
  • Action - adducts thigh, flexes leg at knee, medially rotates leg when knee is flexed
  • Innervation - Obturator nerve
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15
Q

What is the pes anserinus?

A
  • Expanded insertion of sartorius, semitendinosus and gracilis
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16
Q

Gluteus maximus

A
  • Origin - gluteal surface of sacrum, ilium and coccyx
  • Insertion - iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
  • Action - powerful extensor and lateral rotator of thigh
  • Innervation - inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1 and S2)
17
Q

Gluteus medius

A
  • Origin - gluteal surface of ilium
  • Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
  • Action - strong abductor and medial rotator of thigh at hip joint
  • Innervation - superior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1)
18
Q

Gluteus minimus

A
  • Origin - gluteal surface of ilium
  • Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
  • Action - abducts and medially rotates thigh
  • Innervation - superior gluteal nerve (L5 and S1)
19
Q

Piriformis

A
  • Origin - 2nd, 3rd, 4th sacral segments and sacrotuberous ligaments
  • Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
  • Action - abducts flexed thigh at hip and laterally rotates extended thigh
  • Nerve to piriformis (anterior rami of S1 and S2)
20
Q

Gemelli

A
  • Origin - spine of ischium (superior gemellus) and ischial tuberosity (inferior gemellus)
  • Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
  • Action - laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh
  • Innervation - nerve to obturator internus (L5 and S1, superior gemellus) and nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 and S1, inferior gemellus)
21
Q

Obturator internus

A
  • Origin - pubis and ischium at obturator foramen
  • Insertion - greater trochanter of femur
  • Action - laterally rotates extended thigh at hip joint and abducts flexed thigh at hip
  • Innervation - nerve to obturator internus (L5 and S1)
22
Q

Quadratus femoris

A
  • Origin - lateral border of ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion - quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur
  • Action - rotates thigh laterally
  • Innervation - nerve to quadratus femoris (L5 and S1)
23
Q

Semitendinosus

A
  • Origin - ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion - medial surface of tibia
  • Action - flexes leg at knee, medially rotates flexed leg and extends thigh at hip joint
  • Innervation - Sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2)
24
Q

Semimembranosus

A
  • Origin - ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion - medial condyle of tibia
  • Action - flexes leg at knee, medially rotates flexed leg, and extends thigh at hip joint
  • Innervation - Sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2)
25
Q

Biceps femoris

A
  • Origin - ischial tuberosity (long head) and linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line (short head)
  • Insertion - lateral side of head of fibula
  • Action - flexes leg at knee, laterally rotates flexed leg, extends thigh at hip
  • Innervation - Sciatic nerve, tibial division (L5, S1, S2 - long head) and common fibular division (L5, S1, S2 - short head)
26
Q

Fibularis longus

A
  • Origin - superior and lateral surface of fibula and lateral tibial condyle
  • Insertion - base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform bone
  • Action - everts foot and is a weak plantarflexor
  • Innervation - Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
27
Q

Fibularis brevis

A
  • Origin - distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibular shaft
  • Insertion - tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
  • Action - everts foot and acts as a weak plantarflexor
  • Innervation - Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)
28
Q

Tibialis anterior

A
  • Origin - lateral condyle and lateral surface of tibia and interosseus membrane
  • Insertion - medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal I
  • Action - dorsiflexes foot and inverts foot
  • Innervation - deep fibular nerve (L4 and L5)
29
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A
  • Origin - medial surface of fibular shaft and interosseus membrane
  • Insertion - base of distal phalanx of big toe
  • Action - extends big toe and dorsiflexes foot
  • Innervation - deep fibular nerve (L5 and S1)
30
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A
  • Origin - lateral condyle of tibia, medial surface of fibula and interosseus membrane
  • Insertion - divides into 4 tendons that insert onto middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
  • Action - extends proximal phalanges of lateral 4 toes and dorsiflexes foot
  • Innervation - deep fibular nerve (L5 and S1)
31
Q

Gastrocnemius

A
  • Origin - lateral head arises from lateral femoral condyle and medial head arises from medial femoral condyle
  • Insertion - 2 heads combine to form a single muscle belly and converge with soleus to form calcaneal tendon. This inserts onto calcaneus.
  • Action - plantarflexes foot, flexes leg at knee and raises heel during walking
  • Innervation - tibial nerve (S1 and S2)
32
Q

Soleus

A
  • Origin - soleal line of tibia and proximal fibula
  • Insertion - combines with gastrocnemius to form calcaneal tendon. This then inserts onto calcaneus.
  • Action - plantarflexes foot at ankle, important postural muscle
  • Innervation - tibial nerve (S1 and S2)
33
Q

Plantaris

A
  • Origin - lateral supracondylar line of femur
  • Insertion - blends with calcaneal tendon and inserts onto calcaneus
  • Action - assists in plantarflexion of foot and flexion of leg
  • Innervation - tibial nerve (S1 and S2)
34
Q

Popliteus muscle

A
  • Origin - lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus of knee joint
  • Insertion - posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line
  • Action - lateral rotation of the femur relative to the tibia. This ‘unlocks’ the knee joint so that flexion can occur.
  • Innervation - tibial nerve (L4, L5 and S1)
35
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A
  • Origin - Posterior surface of fibula
  • Insertion - base of distal phalanx of big toe
  • Action - flexes distal phalanx of big toe, plantarflexes foot at ankle, helps propel foot during walking or running
  • Innervation - Tibial nerve (S2 and S3)
36
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A
  • Origin - medial surface of tibia
  • Insertion - base of distal phalanx of each of the lateral 4 digits
  • Action - flexes lateral 4 toes and assists in plantarflexion of ankle and inversion of midfoot
  • Innervation - tibial nerve (S2 and S3)
37
Q

Tibialis posterior

A
  • Origin - posterior surface of interosseus membrane
  • Insertion - plantar surface of navicular and medial cuneiform bones
  • Action - inverts and plantarflexes foot and maintains medial arch of foot
  • Innervation - tibial nerve (L4 and L5)

MSK (5 decks)

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