Upper Limb Joints Clinical

Question 1

Which muscle is responsible for protraction of the clavicle?

Answer 1

serratus anterior

Question 2

Which muscles are responsible for retraction of the clavicle?

Answer 2

trapezius and rhomboid muscles

Question 3

Which Muscles are responsible for the elevation of the clavicle?

Answer 3

trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, levatorscapulae, and rhomboid muscles

Question 4

Which mucles are responsible for Depression of the clavicle:

Answer 4

pectoralis minor and the subclavius muscles

Question 5

What happens in an anterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 5

• medial end of the clavicle projects forward beneath the skin
• it may also be pulled upward by the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 6

What causes a posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 6

direct trauma applied to the front of the joint that drives the clavicle backward

Question 7

What happens if the costoclavicular l ruptures completely in a sternoclavicular joint injury?

Answer 7

it becomes difficult to maintain the normal position of the clavicle once reduction has been accomplished

Question 8

What happens in a shoulder separation (acromioclavicular joint injury)?

Answer 8

• displaced outer end of the clavicle is easily palpable

- It is easily reduced, but withdrawal of support results in immediate redislocation

Question 9

Describe the different degrees shoulder separation?

Answer 9

• grade 1 injury is a joint sprain
• grade 2: joint ligaments are torn
• grade 3: complete dislocation
• grade 4: clavicle dislocated backward
• grade 5: more than 100% dislocation
• grade 6: clavicle is under the coracoidprocess of scapula

Grades 4, 5 and 6 injuries require early surgical reduction and fixation.

Question 10

What is the range of shoulder flexion?

Answer 10

90 degrees

Question 11

What is the range of shoulder extension?

Answer 11

45 degrees

Question 12

What is the range of shoulder adduction?

Answer 12

45 degrees

Question 13

What is the range of lateral rotation of the shoulder?

Answer 13

40°to 45°

Question 14

What is the range of medial rotation of the shoulder?

Answer 14

55 degrees

Question 15

What does abduction of the arm involve?

Answer 15

rotation of the scapula?

Question 16

What muscles are responsible for flexion of the shoulder?

Answer 16

anterior fibers of the deltoid, pectoralismajor, biceps, and coracobrachialismu

Question 17

What muscles for shoulder extension?

Answer 17

posterior fibers of the deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and teresmajor muscles.

Question 18

What muscles for shoulder adduction?

Answer 18

pectoralismajor, latissimus dorsi, teresmajor, and teresminor muscles

Question 19

What muscles for lateral rotation of shoulder?

Answer 19

infraspinatus, the teresminor, and the posterior fibers of the deltoid muscle

Question 20

What muscles for medial rotation of shoulder?

Answer 20

subscapularis, the latissimus dorsi, the teresmajor, and the anterior fibers of the deltoid muscle

Question 21

True or False: shoulder most commonly dislocated large joint?

Answer 21

true

Question 22

How common is a posterior dislocation of the shoulder joint?

Answer 22

rare

Question 23

What happens in a posterior dislocation of the shoulder joint?

Answer 23

A subglenoid displacement of the head of the humerus can cause damage to the axillary nerve (leads to the paralysis of the deltoid muscle and loss of skin sensation over the lower half of the deltoid).

Downward displacement of the humerus can stretch and damage the radial nerve.

Question 24

What is bursitis?

Answer 24

Inflammation of synovial bursae (of shoulder joint)

widespread among athletes

Question 25

What is commonly associated with inflammation of the subacromial bursa?

Answer 25

Supraspinatus tendinitis

Question 26

What causes painful arc syndrome?

Answer 26

Supraspinatus tendinitis

Question 27

What are the symptoms of Painful Arc Syndrome?

Answer 27

As the person elevates his arm sideways, the tendon (supraspinatus) begins to impinge under the acromion through the middle part of the arc.

Arthritis of the acromio-clavicular joint may also cause pain typically at the end of the arc.

Question 28

What is the mechanism of injury in posterior dislocation of the elbow joint?

Answer 28

falling on the outstretched hand;

common in children;

avulsion of the epiphysis of the medial epicondyle is also common in childhood