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Anatomy > Upper Limb- Joints and Musculature from Lectures > Flashcards

Upper Limb- Joints and Musculature from Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

What are the axes of the upper limb movement?

A

Prox/distal

Lateral/medial

Ant/Post

Sup/Inf

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2
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

Uniaxial with concave/vex restricted to FLEX/EXTEND

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3
Q

What is a pivot joint?

A

Uniaxial, rounded surface articulating with a ring restricted to ROTATION

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4
Q

What is a condyloid joint?

A

Biaxial; oval surface fitting in elliptical socket

FLEX/EXT and ADD/ABDUCT

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5
Q

What is a saddle joint?

A

Biaxial; each has concave and convex surface

FLEX/EXT and ADD/ABDUCT

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6
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A

Multiaxial; rounded ball-like surface articulates with concave “cup” socket

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7
Q

What is a plane joint?

A

Multiaxial; gliding joint with flat articulating surface

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8
Q

What are good examples of a hinge, B&S, plane, and saddle joints?

A

Hinge: Elbow

B&S: Glenohumoral

Plane: tarsal-phalange joint

Saddle: Thumb joint

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9
Q

What are the ligaments of the AC joint?

A

Acromioclavicular lig, coracoclavicular lig, coracoacromial lig

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10
Q

What are the ligaments of the rotator cuff?

A

Coracohumeral ligament, Superior/Inferior/Middle glenohumeral ligaments

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11
Q

What are the articulating factors in 180* arm abduction?

A

Glenohumeral abduction and scapular movement (3:2 ratio)

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12
Q

What are the ligaments of the elbow joint?

A

Radial collateral lig, anular lig, ulnar collateral ligaments (post,ant,transverse)

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13
Q

What nerves innervate the anterior shoulder?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral; long thoracic; subclavian

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14
Q

What nerves innervate the posterior shoulder?

A
  • axillary
  • upper/lower subscapular
  • suprascapular
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15
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior arm?

A

Musculocutaneous

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16
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior arm?

A

Radial

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17
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior forearm?

A

Medial/ulnar

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the posterior forearm?

A

Radial

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19
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior hand?

A

Median/ulnar

20
Q

What nerve innervates the subclavius? What compartment is this in?

A

N. To subclavius

-anterior shoulder

21
Q

What nerve innervates the serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic

22
Q

What nerve innervates the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary

23
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles? What nerve innervates the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus- suprascapular n.

infraspinatus- suprascapular n.

teres minor- axillary n.

Subscapularis- upper/lower subscapular n.

24
Q

What nerve innervates the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular n.

25
Q

What muscles does the musculocutaneous n. supply?

A

Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis (radial nerve can contribute to brachialis)

26
Q

What muscles does the radial nerve innervate?

A

Triceps, aconeus

27
Q

Forearm muscles nomenclature: what does “flexor” and “extensor” denote?

A

Flex: flexor compartment

Exten: extensor compartment

28
Q

Forearm muscles nomenclature: what does carpi and digitorum denote?

A

Carpi- inserts at carples

Digitorum- inserts at digits

29
Q

Forearm muscles nomenclature: what does “profundus”, “superficialis”, and “Opponens” denote?

A

Profundus= deep

superficialis= superficial

Opponens= action is opposition

30
Q

Forearm muscles nomenclature: what does “ulnaris” and “radialis” denote?

A

Ulnaris= ulnar side

Radialis= radius side

31
Q

Forearm muscles nomenclature: what does brevis and longus denote?

A

Brevis= short head (usually intrinsic)

Longus= long head

32
Q

Forearm muscles nomenclature: what does pollicis and minimi denote?

A

Pollicis= inserts at thumb

Minimi= inserts at little finger

33
Q

In the forearm compartment, what muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and 1/2 of the flexor digitorum pollicis (digits 4 & 5)

34
Q

What does the median nerve innervate in the forearm musculature?

A

All flexor-side muscles except flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum pollicis (digits 4 & 5)

35
Q

What does the median nerve innervate in the hand? Ulnar nerve?

A

Thenar muscles (not adductor pollicis) and first two lumbricals

Everything else

36
Q

What is Erb-Duchenne Palsy?

A

C5-6 lesion at the root of the brachial plexus

  • paralysis of abductors and lateral rotators @ shoulder
  • paralysis of elbow flexors and forearm supinators
37
Q

What is the postural result of Erb-Duchenne Palsy?

A

Medially rotated arm, pronation at forearm,flexed wrist/fingers, sensory loss across lateral aspect of shoulder->hand

38
Q

What can cause Erb Palsy?

A

Could be caused at childbirth: shoulders forced inferiorly by mother’s vaginal canal can cause rip at upper roots/trunk of BP

39
Q

What is Klumpke Paralysis? Symptoms?

A

C8-T1 lesion; loss of ulnar and part of median nerve

-loss of intrinsic hand muscles, partial loss of flexion at the hand, loss of all muscle control at ulnar nerve innervation sites

40
Q

What are the clinical/postural signs of Klumpke Paralysis?

A

Extension at wrist, muscle wasting along lateral aspect of forearm and intrinsic hand muscles, supinated arm, sensory loss to medial arm forearm and hand

41
Q

What can cause Klumpky Paralysis?

A

Sharp or extended upward “yanking” of the arm (like yanking a child by the arm up in the air)

42
Q

From proximal to distal, name the branching arteries from the subclavian artery.

A

Subclavian -> axillary -> brachial -> ulnar and radial

43
Q

What are the branches of the subclavian artery?

A

Dorsal scapular, thyrocervical trunk, suprascapular, axillary

44
Q

What are the branches of the axillary artery?

A

Superior thoracic; lateral thoracic, thoracoacromial trunk (clavicular, acromial, deltoid, pectoral branches); suprascapular (circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal); post/ant circumflex humeral; deep brachial (profundus brachial)

45
Q

What are the branches of the brachial artery?

A

Radial, middle, (superior/inferior) ulnar collateral; deep brachial; radial and (post/ant) ulnar recurrent

46
Q

What does the ulnar artery branch into?

A

Commmon interosseous artery (A/P interosseous)

Anatomy (8 decks)

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