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Ortho > Upper limb fractures > Flashcards

Upper limb fractures Flashcards

1
Q

Which fractures heal better: Upper limb or lower limb?

A

Upper limb

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2
Q

What is the healing time for upper limb fractures in mature skeletons?

A

6 weeks

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3
Q

What is the healing time for upper limb fractures in immature skeletons?

A

3 weeks

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4
Q

How do most upper limb fractures happen?

A

From falling down on an outstretched hand (FOOSH)

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5
Q

What causes transverse fractures?

A

High energy injuries causing more soft tissue damage

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6
Q

Which types of fractures require the longest time to heal?

A

Transverse fractires

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7
Q

What do you need to consider when interpreting the displacement pattern of a fracture?

A

1) Muscle pull
2) Direction of the causative injury
3) Gravity

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8
Q

Where do most clavicle fractures occur?

A

In the middle third:
Proximal piece = pointed cranially (due to pull of SCM muscle)
Distal piece = pointed caudally (due to pull of arm)

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9
Q

Which clavicle fractures are usually unstable and why?

A

Lateral third; because they involve ligamentous injuries

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10
Q

Management for middle third clavicle fractures?

A

Conservative (sling or figure of 8 brace)

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11
Q

Management for lateral third clavicle fractures?

A

Surgical fixation

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12
Q

___(Surgical/Anatomical) neck fractures have a high risk of AVN of the head of humerus.

A

Anatomical

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13
Q

What kind of fractures are greater tuberosity fractures?

A

Avulsion fractures (by the pull of the supra and infraspinatus muscles)

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14
Q

Greater tuberosity fractures can be associated with:

A

Shoulder dislocations

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15
Q

___(Surgical/Anatomical) neck fractures are the most frequent and are considered ___ fractures.

A

Surgical; Fragility

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16
Q

Which nerve is in close proximity to the proximal humerus fractures?

A

Axillary nerve

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17
Q

Which nerve would be injured in distal humerus fractures?

A

Radial nerve

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18
Q

What would happen if the radial nerve is injured?

A

1) Wrist drop
2) Decreased sensation in the dorsal aspect of the first web space

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19
Q

Are olecranon fractures intra or extraarticular?

A

Intraarticular

20
Q

Why is a fracture gap usually seen in olecranon fractures?

A

Because it is usually an avulsion injury due to forceful pull of the triceps

21
Q

Why don’t children need anatomical reduction and absolute fixation in forearm fractures?

A

Because they have a high remodeling capacity

22
Q

What are Monteggia fracture dislocations?

A

1) Fracture of the proximal half of the ulna
2) Dislocation of the proximal radius
3) Possible injury to radial nerve

23
Q

What would happen if the radial nerve was injured in a Monteggia fracture dislocation?

A

Finger drop

24
Q

What are Galeazzi fracture dislocations?

A

1) Fracture of the distal half of the radius
2) Dislocation of the distal ulna
3) Possible injury to ulnar nerve

25
Q

What would happen if the ulnar nerve was injured in a Galeazzi fracture dislocation?

A

1) Weakness of finger abduction/adduction
2) Positive Froment’s sign

26
Q

Isolated ulna fracture is also called:

A

Nightstick injury

27
Q

What causes an isolated ulnar fracture?

A

Direct trauma to the ulna

28
Q

An isolated ulnar fracture has a risk of:

A

Non-union (metaphysis)

29
Q

Is Colle’s fracture intra or extra articular?

A

Extra-articular

30
Q

What is Colle’s fracture?

A

Extra-articular fracture of the distal radius

31
Q

What causes Colle’s fracture?

A

Simple trauma in the elderly (Fragility fracture)

32
Q

In Colle’s fracture, the distal radius is ___(dorsally/ventrally) displaced.

A

Dorsally

33
Q

Patients presenting with Colle’s fracture have what deformity?

A

Dinner fork deformity

34
Q

What is the treatment for Colle’s fracture?

A

Closed reduction and casting for 6 weeks

35
Q

Smith’s fracture is also called:

A

Reverse Colle’s

36
Q

In Smith’s fracture, the distal radius is ___(dorsally/ventrally) displaced.

A

Ventrally

37
Q

What causes Smith’s fracture?

A

By falling down with the wrist in flexion

38
Q

What causes Colle’s fracture?

A

By falling down with the wrist in extension

39
Q

What is the treatment for Smith’s fracture?

A

Closed reduction and casting for 6 weeks

40
Q

Is Barton’s fracture an intra or extra articular fracture?

A

Intra-articular

41
Q

Which fracture resembles a triangle?

A

Barton’s fracture

42
Q

What is the treatment for Barton’s fracture?

A

Anatomical reduction and fixation

43
Q

Radial styloid fracture is also called:

A

Chauffeur fracture

44
Q

What causes radial styloid fractures?

A

Sudden forceful radial deviation of the wrist

45
Q

Are radial styloid fractures intra or extra articular?

A

Intra-articular

46
Q

What is the treatment for radial styloid fractures?

A

Anatomical reduction and fixation

Ortho (5 decks)

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