Fractures In Pediatric Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the pediatric bone more susceptible to bending forces?

A

Because it has a lower modulus of elasticity

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2
Q

Pediatric bone has ___(more/less) cancellous bone.

A

More

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3
Q

More cancellous bone means:

A

1) Reduced tensile strength
2) Reduced tendency of fracture propagation
3) Reduced comminuted fractures

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4
Q

Significance of the periosteum in pediatrics?

A

1) Metabolically active
2) Thick and strong
3) Affects fracture pattern
4) May aid reduction

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5
Q

Infants are more likely to have what kind of fractures?

A

Diaphyseal

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6
Q

Children are more likely to have what kind of fractures?

A

Metaphyseal

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7
Q

Adolescents are more likely to have what kind of fractures?

A

Epiphyseal

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8
Q

Why do pediatric fractures have a rare incidence of delayed and non-union complications?

A

Better blood supply

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9
Q

Which is stronger in pediatrics: the growth plate or the bone?

A

Growth plate

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10
Q

Most growth plate injuries occur in which layer? Why?

A

Hypertrophic zone; Weakest

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11
Q

Which injuries account for 25% of all children’s fractures?

A

Physeal

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12
Q

Physeal injuries are more common in:

A

1) Boys
2) Upper limbs

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13
Q

Prognosis of Physeal injuries in children?

A

Good healing with good remodeling

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14
Q

If the germinal cell layer has been injured, what might be affected?

A

Growth

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15
Q

Less than 1% of physeal injuries cause __.

A

Physeal bridging

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16
Q

Small physeal bridges (<10%) management?

A

Nothing, they lyse spontaneously

17
Q

Which physeal bridges cause deformity?

A

Peripheral bridging

18
Q

Physeal bridging treatment?

19
Q

Which classification is used for fractures in pediatric skeleton?

A

Salter Harris

20
Q

Prognostic factors in pediatric fractures?

A

1) The treatment
2) The severity
3) The patient’s age
4) The physis injured

21
Q

State the factors affecting the remodeling potential of all pediatric fractures.

A

1) Years of remaining growth!!
2) Position in the bone
3) Plane of motion
4) Physeal status
5) Growth potential of adjacent physis

22
Q

Pediatric remodeling is better when it is closer to the:

23
Q

Pediatric remodeling is best in which plane?

24
Q

Which growth potential is better: Distal humerus or proximal humerus?

A

Promixal humerus

25
Which growth potential is better: Distal radius or proximal radius?
Distal radius
26
K-wires are most commonly used for which fractures?
Metaphyseal
27
What are the common complications in pediatric fractures?
1) Growth disturbance 2) Vascular (Volkmann’s ischemia)
28
What are the child abuse fracture signs seen on x-ray?
1) Ring fracture from twisting 2) Postero-medial rib fracture 3) Skull fracture
29
What should you avoid in pediatric fractures?
Multiple reduction attempts