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Anatomy > Upper limb- exam questions > Flashcards

Upper limb- exam questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones that make up the upper limb? (not including the hand)

A

Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna

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1
Q

How many muscles act on the GH joint?What are they?

A
  1. the 4 mm. of the Rotator cuff and the Deltoid and Teres Major
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2
Q

What are the three functions of the clavicle?

A

Serves as a moveabel strut for the upper limb; -One of the boundaries of the cervico-axillary canal; -Transmits shockto axial skeleton

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2
Q

How is the Glenoid fosssa of the Scapula ‘deepened’? What type of cartilage is this structure made off?

A

The glenoid labrum. Made of Fibrocartilage.

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3
Q

What are the parts of the clavicle?

A

Shaft, Sternal end, Acromial end, Superior surface, inferior surface (Conoid tubercle, Trapezoid line, Subclavian groove, Impression for costoclavicular l.

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3
Q

What type of joint is the GH joint? How much actualy bony contact occurs at the glenoid fossa?

A

Ball and Socket; about 1/3 of the humerus contacts the glenoid fossa

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4
Q

Where does the clavicle usually break? How? Where is it strongest? Weakest?

A

Usually breaks in the middle. Breaks from a fall on an outstretched hand or direct fall on the shoulder. Strongest at the Sternoclavicular joint. Weakest between the middle and lateral thirds.

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4
Q

What are the ligaments of the GH joint?

A

Glenohumeral l (intrinsic), Coracohumeral l (instrinsic), Coracoacromial l (think: coracoacromial arch), transverse humeral l (covers long head of the biceps brachii m.

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5
Q

Describe the ‘look’ and location of the scapula? (in relation to the thorax)

A

“Shoulder Blade”; triangular flat bone; Convex posterior & Concave Anterior; Overlies Ribs 2-7 (inferior angle about R7 & T7)

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5
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Deltoid m.

A

O: lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromian, and spine of the scapula; I: deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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6
Q

What are the parts of the Scapula?

A

Spine (deltoid tubercle, Acromian, Spinoglenoid notch) Supraspinous fossa, Infraspinous fossa, Subscapular fossa, Body, Glenoid Fossa/cavity (Supra/infraglenoid tubercle, Medial border, Lateral border, Superior angle, Inferior angle

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6
Q

What is the Action of the deltoid m?

A

Anterior: flexion and MR of huerus; Middle: ABD (15-90 degrees) Posterior: Ext and LR/ER f the humerus

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7
Q

What are the bones that the Humerus articulates with?

A

Scapula- prximally; radius and ulna- distally

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7
Q

What is the innervation and blood supply of the delotoid m?

A

N: Axillary n (C5 C6); B: Anterior and posterior humeral circumflex aa. Acromial and Deltoid branches of the thoracoacromial trunk

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8
Q

What are the parts of the Humerus?

A

Head, Anatomical neck, surgical neck, Greater tubercle (superior, middle, inferior facets), Lesser tubercle, Bicipital groove (intertubercular sulcus), Shaft (Deltoid tuberosity, radial groove), Supracondylar ridges, medial epicondyle, Lateral epicondyle, Condyle

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8
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Teres major m?

A

O: Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula; I: Medial lip of the IT groove of humerus

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9
Q

What is the difference between the anatomical neck and surgical neck of the humerus?

A

The anatomical neck is the groove at the base of the head (which articulates with the glenoid fossa); The surgical neck is the narrow part just distal to the the head

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9
Q

What is the action, innervation and blood supply of the Teres Major?

A

A: ADD and MR of humerus; N: Lower subscapular n. (C5 C6); B: Thoracodorsal a. Anterior and posterior humoral circumflex aa.

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10
Q

What are the five landmarks of the condyle?

A

Trochlea, Capitulum, Coronoid fossa, Olecranon fossa, and the radial fossa

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10
Q

How would you test the Deltoid m? What nerve is being tested?

A

ABD against resistance from about 15 degrees; Axillary n.

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11
Q

How does a fracture at the sugical neck of the humerus occur? Which nerve is at risk? What actions would be affected?

A

Common in elderly, Falling on hand, Axillary nerve; Actions of the deltoid

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11
Q

How would you test the Teres major m? What nerve is being tested?

A

ADD of the arm against resistance; Lower subscapular n.

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12
Q

What are the three types of fractures of the Humerus? Which nerves would be at risk to be damaged with each?

A

Transverse fracuture of the shaft- radial n; Spiral fracture of the shaft- radial n; Intercondyar fractures- median or ular n.

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12
Q

What four mm. make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

13
Q

What are the parts of the Ulna?

A

Olecranon, Coronoid process, Trochlear process, Tuberosity of ulna, Radial notch, Shaft, Head (Ulnar styloid process)

13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Suprasinatus

A

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula; I: Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

14
Q

What are the parts of the Radius?

A

Head, neck, Radial tuberosity, Shaft, Ulnar notch, Radial styloid process, Dorsal tubercle of Radius

14
Q

What is the action, innervation and blood supply of the Supraspinatus?

A

A: initiates ABD (first 15 degrees); N: Suprascapular n (C4 C5 C6) B: Suprascapular and dorsal scapular aa.

15
Q

What is the most comon fracture of the forearm? What deformity can result from this fracure?

A

Colles fracture, Dinner fork deformity

15
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Infraspinatus m?

A

O: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula; I: Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

16
Q

What are the four proximal Carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

16
Q

What is the action, innervation, and blood supply of the Infraspinatous?

A

A: LR of the humerus; N: Suprascapular n (C5 C6), B: Suprascapular and circumflex scapular aa.

17
Q

What are the four distal Carpal bones?

A

Trapezoid, Trapezium, Capitate, Hamate

17
Q

How would you test the Supraspinatus and Infraspinatous mm? What nerve is being teted?

A

LR of the arm in a flexed and ADD positio. Test integrity of the subscapular n. for both mm.

18
Q

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone? How does it happen (usually)? What is the biggest concern?

A

The Scaphoid; Falling on an ABD hand; slow healing and possible degenerative joint disease due to being avascular

18
Q

What is the Origin and Insertion of the Teres minor m?

A

O: Middle part of the lateral border of the scapula; I: Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

19
Q

How are the Metacarpals named?

A

1 - 5 from lateral to medial

19
Q

What is the action, innervation and blood supply of the Teres minorr?

A

A: LR of the humerus; N: Axillary n. (C5 C6); B: Posterior humral circumflx and circumflx scapualr aa.

20
Q

How are the Phalanges named?

A

Proximal, Middle, Distal; 1-5 from lateral to medial

20
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Subscapularis m?

A

O: Suscapular fossa (most anterior surface of the scapula) I: Lesser tubercle of the humerus

21
Q

What are the four joints of the upper limb?

A

Scapulothoracic joint, Sternoclavicular joint, Acromioclavicular joint, Glenohumerol joint

21
Q

What is the action, innervation and blood supply of the Subscapularis?

A

A: Most powerful MR of the humerus(!) N: Super and lower subscapular nn. (C5 C6 C7) B. Subscapular a.

22
Q

What is the only articulation between the upper limb and the axial skelton?

A

The sternoclavicular joint

22
Q

What are the blood vessesl that participate in the scapular anastomoses?

A

The suprascapular a. & the dorsal scapular a. & the circumplex scapular a.

23
Q

What is the strongest joint of the upper limb?

A

The sternoclavicular joint

23
Q

What common purpose do each of the muscular sapces share?

A

They provide a ‘point of passage’ the anterior arteries and nerces to go posteriorly

24
Q

What type of joint is the Sternoclavicular joint?

A

A saddle-type joint

24
Q

What are the borders of the Quadranguar space?

A

Teres minor, Teres major, the long head of the Triceps brachii m. and the humerus

25
Q

What are the ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?

A

Costoclavicular l, anterior sternoclavicular l, posterior sternoclavicular l, interclavicular l

25
Q

What vessels are found in the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary n. and the posterior circumflex humeral a.

26
Q

What type of joint is the AC joint?

A

Plane joint b/t the clavicle and acromian

26
Q

What are the borders of the Triangular space?

A

The long head of the triceps brachii m. the Teres major m. and the teres minor m.

27
Q

What are the ligaments of the AC joint?

A

Caracoclavicular l. (trapezoid l. & conoid l.), acromioclavicular l.

27
Q

What vessel(s) are found in the triangular space?

A

Just the circumflex scapular a.

28
Q

When is a separated shoulder considered severe? What joint does this occur at?

A

When both the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ll. are torn; the AC joint

28
Q

What are the borders of the triangular interval?

A

Teres major m, Long head and short head of the Triceps Brachii m.

29
Q

What vessel(s) are found in the triangular interval?

A

Profunda brachii a, and the Radial n.

31
Q

The Long Thoracic nerve is often injured as a result of…

What are the effects of a damaged long thoracic nerve?

A

Injured from a knife fight or mastectomy
Effects = “Winged Scapula”; medial border of scapula moves away from thoracic wall (laterally and posteriorly); Cannot ABD arm above 90 degrees
*No sensory loss

Anatomy (4 decks)

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