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Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q 
What is Pectoralis Major:
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Blood Supple
A

O: Clavicular head - anterior surface of medial 1/2 clavicle
Sternal Head - anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique
I: Lateral lip IT groove of humerous
A: Add, MR of humerous
(Independently: Clavicular head flexes humerus; Sternal head extends from flexed position)
N: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves (Clavicular head = C5, C6; Sternal head = C7, C8, T1)
B: Pectoral branches of thoracoacromial trunk

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2
Q 
What is Pectoralis Minor:
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation 
Bloods Supply
A

O: 3-5th ribs near costal cartilages
I: Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process
A: Stabilizes scapula by drawing it anterior and inferior against thoracic wall
(Assists in elevation ribs for deep inspiration when pectoral girdle is fixed or elevated)
Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
B: Pectoral branches from thoracoacromial trunk

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3
Q 
What is Subclavius:
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Blood Supply
A

O: Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage
I: Inferior surface, middle 1/3 clavicle
A: Anchors and depresses clavicle
(Helps clavicle to resist SC joint dislocation)
Innervation: Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)
Blood Supply: Clavicular branches from thoracoacromial trunk

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4
Q 
What is Serratus Anterior (boxer's muscle) 
Origin
Insertion
Action
Innervation
Blood Supply
A

O: External surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8
I: Anterior surface of medial border of scapula
Innervation: LoNg Thoracic Nerve
Blood Supply: LAteral thoracic Artery
Action: Scapular protraction and upward rotation; fixes scapula against thoracic wall (especially when pushing against resistance) Also allows arm to be raised above shoulder

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5
Q

What are the muscles that make up the flexor compartment of the forearm?
Superficial layer…
Intermediate layer…
Deep layer…
*Which layer(s) cross both elbow and wrist joints? …only crosses wrist?

A

Superficial = Pronator teres, Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor carpi ulnaris
Intermediate = Flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep = Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus, Pronator quadratus
*Superficial and intermediate groups cross elbow and wrist; Deep group only crosses wrist

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6
Q 
What is Pronator Teres:
Origin:
Insertion:
Innervation:
Action:
A

O: Ulnar head - coronoid process; Humeral head - medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon
Insertion: Middle of convexity of lateral surface of Radius
Innervation: Median nerve *passes b/t both heads = common site for impingement
Action: Speedy pronation and flexion of forearm

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7
Q 
What is Flexor Carpi Radialis:
Origin:
Insertion:
Innervation:
Action:
A

O: Medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon
Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal
Innervation: Median nerve
Action: Flexion and radial deviation of hand

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8
Q 
What is Palmaris Longus:
O:
I: 
N:
A:
A

O: Medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon
I: Distal 1/2 of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis
N: Median nerve
A: Flexion of hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis

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9
Q 
What is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris:
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Humeral head - medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon
I: Pisiform, hook of hamate, and 5th metacarpal
N: Ulnar nerve (passes b/t humeral and ulnar heads; known as Cubital Tunnel = possible site of impingement)
A: Flexion and ulnar deviation of hand
*Flexion is produced with FCR

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10
Q 
What is Flexor Digitorum Superficialis:
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Humeroulnar head - medial epicondyle via common flexor tendon; Radial head - superior 1/2 anterior border
I: Sharfts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits *via split tendon
N: Median nerve
A: Flexion of proximal interphilangial (PIP); strong flexion of MPs

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11
Q 
What is the Flexor Digitorum Profudus:
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Meadial and lateral halves- Proximal 3/4 medial and anterior surfaces of Ulna nd interosseous membrane
I: Medial half- bases of distal phalanges of 4th and 5th digits
Lateral half- bases of distal phalages of 2nd and 3rd digits
N: Medial half- Ulnar nerve
Lateral half- Anterior Interosseous nerve
A: Medial half - flexes DIPs of digits 4 & 5
Lateral half - flexes DIPs of digits 2 & 3

  • Only muscle that can flex DIPs
  • 4 tendons pass through Carpal Tunnel
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12
Q 
What is the Flexor Pollicis Longus:
O: 
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane
I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb
N: AIN
A: Flexion of thumb at interphalangeal joint
*Only muscle that flexes interphalangeal joint of thumb

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13
Q 
What is the Pronator Quadratus:
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of Ulna
I: Distal 1/4 of anterior surface of Radius
N: AIN
A: *Prime mover of forearm pronation
Deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

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14
Q 
What is the Biceps Brachii:
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A

O: Short head - Tip of coracoid process; Long hear - Supraglenoid tubercle and glenoid labrum
I: Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
N: Musculocutaneous nerve
B: Brachial artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery
A: Supination of forearm; flexes forearm when supine; short head resists shoulder dislocation

Long head held in place by transverse ligament

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15
Q 
What is the Brachialis:
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A

O: Distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerous
I: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
N: Musculocutaneous nerve
B: Brachial artery
A: Flexion

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16
Q 
What is Corocobrachialis:
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A

O: Coracoid process
I: Middle 1/3 of medial surface of humerus
N: Musculocutaneous nerve
B: Axillary artery
A: Flexion and ADD of arm; resists shoulder dislocation
*Pierced by musculocutaneous nerve

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17
Q 
What is Triceps Brachii:
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A 
O: Long head - Infraglenoid tubercle; Lateral head - posterior surface of humerus Superior to radial groove; Medial head - Posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove
I: Proximal end of Olecranon of Ulna
N: Radial nerve
B: Profunda brachii artery
A: Main extensor of forearm
*Medial head = workhorse
Lateral head = strongest
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18
Q 
What is Anconeus:
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A 
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerous
I: Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna
N: Radial nerve
B: Brachial artery
A: Assists with forearm extension
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19
Q 
What is the Deltoind's:
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A

O: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
N: Axillary nerve
B: Anterior/posterior humeral circumflex aa
A: Clavicular fibers = flexion and MR of humorous; Acromial fibers = ABD (15-90 degrees); Spinal fibers = extension and LR/ER of humerus

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20
Q 
What is Teres Major's (Lat's little helper):
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A 
O: Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I: Medial lip IT groove of humerus
N: Lower subscapular nerve
B: Thoracodorsal artery
A: ADD and MR of humerus
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21
Q 
What is Supraspinatus's:
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A

O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Superior facet greater tubercle of humerus
N: Suprascapular nerve
B: Suprascapular and dorsal scapular aa.
A: Initiates ABD of humerus (1st 15 degrees)

22
Q

What is the only rotator cuff mustcle that does not rotate humerus?

A

Supraspinatus

23
Q 
What is the Infraspinatus':
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A

O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: Middle facet greater tubercle of humerus
N: Suprascapular nerve
B: Suprascapular and circumflex scapular aa
A: LR of humerus

24
Q 
What is Teres Minor's:
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A

O: Middle part, lateral border of scapula
I: Inferior facet greater tubercle of humerus
N: Axillary nerve
B: Posterior humeral circumflex and circumflex scapular aa
A: LR of humerus

25
Q 
What is Subscapularis':
O:
I:
N:
B:
A:
A 
O: Subscapular fossa
I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
N: Upper and lower subscapular nn
B: Subscapular artery
A: *Most powerful MR of humerus
26
Q

What are the six muscles of the scapulohumeral muscles?

A

Deltoid, Teres Major, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

27
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

SITS) Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

28
Q

What muscle is the most powerful MR of humerus?

A

Subscapularis

29
Q

What make up the boundaries of the Quadrangular Space?

What does it contain?

A 
Superior - Teres Minor
Inferior - Teres Major
Lateral - Humerus
Medial - Long head Triceps Brachii 
Contains Axillary nerve & Posterior Humeral Circumflex artery
30
Q

What make the borders of the Triangular Space?

What does it contain?

A

Base - long head Triceps Brachii
Superior - Teres Minor
Inferior - Teres Major
Contains Circumflex Scapular artery

31
Q

What are the boundaries of the Triangular Interval?

What does it contain?

A

Base - Teres Major
Medial - Long head Triceps Brachii
Lateral - Lateral head triceps Brachii
Contains Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

32
Q

What are the muscles that make up the Anterior Axioappendicular Muscles?

A

Pec Major & Minor, Subclavius, Serratus Antrior

33
Q

What are the three layers of the extensor compartment of the forearm?

A

Superficial
Deep
Outcropping

34
Q

Which muscles make up the superficial layer of the extensor compartment of the forearm?

A

Brachioradialis, Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris

35
Q

What muscles make up the deep layer of the extensor compartment of the forearm?

A

Supinator and Extensor indicis

36
Q

What muscles make up the outcropping layer of the extensor compartment of the forearm?

A

Abductor pollicis longus, Extensor pollicis longus & brevis

37
Q 
What is the Brachioradialis: (77)
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Proximal 2/3 of supracondylar ridge
I: Lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process
N: Radial nerve
A: “Politician muscle” Weak forearm flexion
*Does NOT cross wrist joint

38
Q 
What is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: (79)
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
N: Radial nerve
A: Extension & radial deviation of wrist

39
Q 
What is Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: (78)
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus via common extensor tendon
I: Base of 3rd metacarpal
N: Deep branch of radial nerve
A: Extension & radial deviation of wrist

40
Q

What motion occurs:

Flexor Carpi Radialis + Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (79)

A

Pure radial deviation

41
Q 
What is Extensor Digitorum: (79)
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon
I: Extensor expansion of medial 4 digits
N: Deep branch of radial nerve
A: Principle extensor of medial 4 digits

42
Q 
What is Extensor DIgiti Minimi: "ED's Mom" (80)
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon
I: DDE of 5th digit
N: Deep branch of radial nerve
A: Extension of 5th digit

43
Q 
What is Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Ed's Crazy Uncle" (80)
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Lateral epicondyle via common extensor tendon
I: Dorsal aspect, base of 5th metacarpal
N: Deep branch of radial nerve
A: Extension and ulnar deviation of wrist

44
Q

What action occurs:

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris + Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?

A

Ulnar deviation

45
Q 
What is the Supinator:
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: LE, radial colateral & anular ll., supinator fossa, crest of ulna
I: Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
N: Deep branch of radial nerve
A: Supination of forearm

46
Q

What muscle is the prime mover for slow, unopposed supination?

A

Supinator

47
Q 
What is Extensor Indicis:
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Posterior surface of distal 1/3 ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Extensor expansion of 2nd digit
N: Posterior Interosseous nerve
A: Extension of 2nd digit

48
Q 
What is Abductor Pollicis Longus:
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
I: Base of 1st metacarpal
N: Posterior Interosseous nerve
A: ABD of thumb

49
Q

When Abductor Pollicis Longus acts with AP Brevis during ABD of thumb, what plane is the thumb in?

A

Sagittal

50
Q 
What is Extensor Pollicis Longus: (82)
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Posterior surface middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal aspect, base of distal phalanx of thumb
N: PIN
A: Extension of distal phalanx; ADD extended thumb

51
Q 
What is Extensor Pollicis Brevis: (82)
O:
I:
N:
A:
A

O: Posterior surface distal 1/3 of radius and interosseous membrane
I: Dorsal aspect, base of proximal phalanx of thumb
N: PIN
A: Extension of proximal phalanx of thumb; helps extend 1st metacarpal

Anatomy (4 decks)

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