upper limb COPY Flashcards
Deltoid
Origin:
Lateral 1/3 anterior clavicle, lateral acromion, inferior edge of spine of scapula
Insertion:
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action:
**Clavicular: flexes/medially rotates arm
Acromial: aBducts arm beyond initial 15° by supraspinatus
Spinal: extends/laterally rotates arm**
Innervation:
Axillary
Blood supply:
Posterior circumflex humeral artery, deltoid branch of thoraco-acromial artery
Shoulder
Infraspinatus
Insertion:
Infraspinous fossa of scapula/deep fascia
Origin:
Greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)
Action:
Lateral rotation of arm (with teres minor)
Innervation:
Suprascapular Nerve
Blood supply:
Suprascapular Artery
Shoulder
Serratus Anterior
Insertion:
Lateral surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs
Origin:
Costal surface of medial border of scapula
Action:
Protracts/retracts scapula & holds against thoracic wall
Innervation
Long Thoracic
Blood supply:
Lateral Thoracic
Shoulder
Subscapularis
Insertion
Subscapular fossa
Origin:
Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action:
Medial rotation of arm at shoulder, aDduction, holds humeral head in glenoid cavity
Innervation
Upper/lower subscapular
Blood supply:
Subscapular, lateral thoracic
Shoulder
Supraspinatus
Origin: Supraspinous fossa/deep fascia
Insertion: Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Initiates arm aBduction (initial 15°), acts with rotator cuff muscles
Innervation: Suprascapular
Blood Supply: Suprascapular
Shoulder
Teres Major
O: Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
I: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A: ADucts & medial rotation
IN: Lower subscapular
BS: Circumflex scapular
Shoulder
Teres Minor
O: Upper 2/3 of posterior surface of lateral border of scapula
I: Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
A: Lateral rotation
IN: Axillary
BS: Circumflex scapular
Shoulder
Subclavis
O: Upper border of 1strib & its cartilage
I: Inferior surface of middle third of clavicle
A: Anchors & depresses clavicle
IN: Nerve to subclavius
BS: Clavicular branch of thoraco-acromial artery
Shoulder
Pectoralis Major
O: Sternal half of clavicle, sternum to 7thrib, cartilages of true rib
I: Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus humerus
A: Flexes/aDducts arm, medial rotation
IN: Medial/lateral pectoral
BS: Pectoral branch of thoraco-acromial, perforating branches of internal thoracic
Pectoral region/axilla
Pectoralis Minor
O: Outer surface of upper margin of ribs 3-5
I: Coracoid process of scapula
A: Lowers lateral angle of scapula & protracts scapula
IN: Medial Pectoral
BS: Pectoral branch of thoraco-acromial & intercostal lateral thoracic
Pectoral region/axilla
Aconeus
O: Posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Lateral surface of olecranon & posterior proximal ulna
A: Assist triceps in extending elbow, aBducts ulna in pronation
IN: Radial nerve (C5-T1)
BS: Deep brachial
Arm
Biceps Brachii
O: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head: tip of coracoid process of scapula
I: Radial tuberosity
A: Flexes & supinates forearm @ elbow
IN: Musculocutaneous (C5, C6)
BS: Muscular branches of brachial
Arm
Brachialis
O: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I: Coronoid process of tuberosity of ulna
A: Flexes forearm @ elbow
IN: Musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve (C7)
BS: Radial recurrent, muscular branches of brachial artery
Arm
Coracobrachialis
O: Tip of coracoid process of scapula
I: Middle 1/3 medial surface of humerus
A: Flexes and aDducts at shoulder
IN: Musculocutaneous
BS: Muscular branches of brachial
Arm
Triceps Brachii
O: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: upper half of posterior humerus
Medial head: distal 2/3 of medial & posterior humerus
I: Posterior surface of olecranon process of ulna
A: Extends forearm at elbow;
Long head: stabilizes head of aBducted humerus & extends & aDducts arm at shoulder
IN: Radial
BS: Branch of profundal brachii
Arm
Levator Scapulae
O: Posterior tubercles of transvers processes of C1-C4
I: Medial border of scapula (superior angle to spine)
A: Elevate scapula medially, inferiorly, rotates glenoid cavity
IN: Ventral rami of C3-C4 and dorsal scapular nerve
BS: Dorsal scapular, transverse cervical, ascending cervical
Superficial Back
Rhomboid Major
O: Spinous process T2-T5
I: Medial border scapula, BELOW base of spine
A: Fixes scapula to thoracic wall, retract/rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity
IN: Dorsal scapular
BS: Dorsal scapular
-OR-
Deep branch of TCA, dorsal perforating branches of upper 5-6 posterior intercostal
Superficial back
Rhomboid Minor
O: Ligamentum nuchae spines of C7 & T1 vertebrae
I: Medial border of scapula AT the scapular spine
A: Fixes scapula to thoracic wall, retract/rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity
IN: Dorsal scapular
BS: Dorsal scapular
-OR-
Deep branch of TCA, dorsal perforating branches of upper 5-6 posterior intercostal
Superficial back
Trapezius
O: Superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
I: Lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, & scapular spine
A: Elevates, retracts, & rotates scapula; lower fibers depress scapula
IN: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
BS: Transverse cervical, dorsal perforating branches of posterior intercostal
Superficial back
Abductor pollicis longus
O: Posterior surface of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane
I: Base of 1stmetacarpal
A: Abducts & extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint
IN: Radial nerve (posterior interosseous)
BS: Posterior Interosseous artery
Posterior Forearm
Brachioradialis
O: Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Lateral side of distal end of radius
A: Weak flexion of forearm when forearm is midpronated
IN: Radial Nerve
BS: Radial Recurrent Artery
Posterior Forearm
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Dorsal base-3rdmetacarpal & slip to2ndmetacarpal
A: Extends/aBducts hand @ wrist
IN: Radial Nerve (Deep Branch)
BS: Radial Artery, Radial Recurrent artery
Posterior Forearm
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O:Distal 3rdof lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: Dorsal base of2ndmetacarpal & slip to3rdMetacarpal
A: Extends/aBducts hand @ wrist
IN: Radial Nerve
BS: Radial artery, radial recurrent artery
Posterior Forearm
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus & posterior border of ulna
I: Dorsal base of 5thmetacarpal
A: Extends/aBducts hand at wrist
IN: Radial Nerve (posterior interosseous)
BS: Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior Forearm
Extensor digiti minimi
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Extensor expansion of 5thdigit
A: Extends 5thdigit
IN:Radial Nerve (posterior interosseous)
BS:Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior Forearm
Extensor digitorum
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I : Extensor expansion of medial 4 digits
A: Extends medial 4 digits, assists in wrist extension
IN: Radial Nerve (posterior interosseous)
BS: Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior Forearm
Extensor indicis
Origin: Posterior surface of ulna & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Extensor expansion of 2nddigit
Action: Extends 2nddigit & helps extend hand at wrist
Innervation: Radial Nerve (posterior interosseous)
Blood supply: Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior Forearm
Extensor pollicis brevis
Origin: Posterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Dorsal base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at carpometacarpal joint
Innervation: Radial Nerve (posterior interosseous)
Blood supply: Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior Forearm
Extensor pollicis longus
Origin: Posterior surface of middle 1/3 ulna, interosseous membrane
Insertion: Dorsal base of distal phalanx of thumb
Action: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal & metacarpophalangeal joints
Innervation: Radial Nerve (posterior interosseous)
Blood supply: Posterior interosseous artery
Posterior Forearm
Supinator
Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna
Insertion: Lateral, posterior & anterior surfaces of proximal 1/3 of radius
Action: Supinates forearm
Innervation: Radial Nerve (deep branch)
Blood supply: Radial recurrent artery, posterior interosseous arteries
Posterior Forearm
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion: Base of 2ndmetacarpal
Action: Flexes/aBducts at wrist
Innervation: Median nerve
Blood supply: Radial artery
Anterior Forearm
Flexor carpi ulnaris
**Origin: Humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus
Ulnar head: olecranon & posterior border of ulna**
Insertion: Pisiform bone, hook of hamate, base of 5thmetacarpal
Action: Flexes/aDducts hand at wrist
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve
Blood supply: Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
Anterior Forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus
Origin: Medial & anterior surface of proximal ¾ of ulna & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Palmar base of distal phalanges of medial 4 digits
Action: Flexes distal phalanges of 4 digits, assists with flexion of hand @ wrist.
Innervation:
Medial part: ulnar nerve
Lateral part: median nerve
Blood supply: Anterior interosseous artery, muscular branches of ulnar artery
Anterior Forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Origin: Humero-ulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna
Radial head:
Superior half of anterior radius
Insertion: Bodies of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits
Action: Flexes middle & proximal phalanges of medial 4 digits, flexes hand at wrist
Innervation: Median nerve
Blood Supply: Ulnar & radial arteries
Anterior Forearm
Flexor pollicis longus
Origin: Anterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane
Insertion: Palmar base of distal phalanx of thumb
Action: Flexes phalanges of thumb
Innervation: Median nerve (anterior interosseous)
Blood supply: Anterior interosseous artery
Anterior Forearm
Palmaris Longus
Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insetion: Distal half of flexor retinaculum & palmar aponeurosis
Action: Flexes hand @ wrist & tenses palmar aponeurosis
Innervation: Medial nerve
Blood supply: Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
Anterior forearm
Pronator Quadratus
Origin: Distal fourth of anterior ulna
Insertion: Distal fourth of anterior radius
Action: Pronates forearm
Innervation: Median nerve (anterior interosseous)
Blood supply: Anterior interosseous artery
Anterior Forearm
Pronator teres
Origin: 2 heads: medial epicondyle of humerus & coronoid process of ulna
Insertion: Midway along lateral surface of radius
Action: Pronates forearm & assists with elbow flexion
Innervation: Median nerve
Blood Supply: Anterior ulnar recurrent artery
Anterior Forearm
Abductor digiti minimi
Origin: Pisiform bone & tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger (5thdigit)
Action: aBducts little finger
Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
Blood supply: Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Hand
ABductor pollicis brevis
Origin: Flexor retinaculum, tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
Insertion: Lateral side of base of phalanx of thumb
Action: aBducts thumb
Innervation: Median nerve (recurrent branch)
Blood Supply: Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
Hand
Adductor pollicis
Origin: Oblique head: bases of 2nd& 3rdmetacarpals & capitate & adjacent
Transverse head: anterior surface of 3rdmetacarpal
Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: aDducts thumb
Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
Blood supply: Deep palmar arch
Hand
Dorsal interosseous muscles
Origin: Adjacent sides of two metacarpal bones
Insertion: Base of proximal phalanges, extensor expansion of digits 2-4
Action: aBducts digits from axial line of hand (3rddigit); flexes digits at metacarpophalangeal joint & extend interphalangeal joints
Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
Blood supply: Deep palmar arch
Hand
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Origin: Flexor retinaculum & hook of hamate bone
Insertion: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of little finger
Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of little finger
Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
Blood Supply: Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Hand
Flexor pollicis brevis
Origin: Flexor retinaculum & tubercle of trapezium
Insertion: Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Action: Flexes proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation: Median nerve (recurrent branch)
Blood supply: Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
Hand
Lumbrical (1st&2nd)
Origin: Lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion: Lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 2 & 3
Action: Extends digits at interphalangeal joints, flex metacarpophalangeal joints
Innervation: Median nerve (digital branches)
Blood supply: Superficial & deep palmar arches
Hand
Lumbrical (3rd& 4th)
Origin: Medial 3 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Insertion: Lateral sides of extensor expansion of digits 4&5
Action: Extends digits at interphalangeal joints, flex metacarpophalangeal joints
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (deep branch)
Blood supply: Superficial & deep palmar arches
Hand
Opponens digiti minimi
Origin: Flexor retinaculum &hook of hamate bone
Insertion: Palmar surface of 5thmetacarpal
Action: Draws 5thmetacarpal anteriorly & rotates it to face thumb
Innervation: Ulnar Nerve (deep branch)
Blood supply: Deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
Hand
Opponens pollicis
Origin: Flexor retinaculum & tubercle of trapezium
Insertion: Lateral side of 1stmetacarpal
Action: Draws 1stmetacarpal forward & rotates medially
Innervation: Median nerve (Recurrent branch)
Blood supply: Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
Hand
Palmar interosseous muscles
Origin: Sides of metacarpals 2,4, &5
Insertion: Bases of proximal phalanx & extensor expansion of digits 2,4, &5
Action: aDducts digits toward axial line of hand (3rddigit); flexes digits @ metacarpophalangeal joint & extends interphalangeal joints
Innervation: Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
Blood supply: Deep palmar arch
Hand
Palmaris brevis
Origin: Palmar aponeurosis & flexor retinaculum
Insertion: Skin of medial border of palm
Action: Deepens hollow of hand, assists grip
Innervation: Superficial palmar branch of ulnar nerve
Blood Supply: Superficial palmar arch
Hand
