Upper Limb: Bones and Joints

Question 1

Name all the bones of the upper limb

Answer 1

Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulnar, Carpus, Metacarpus and Phalanges.

Question 2

Describe some of the features of the clavicle.

Answer 2

It has a sooth superior surface but a rough inferior surface. It has a rounded proximal end and a flat distal end.

Question 3

What is the name of the joint between the sternum and clavicle

Answer 3

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 4

Name some of the landmark features of the clavicle

Answer 4

All on the posterior surface

• Impression for the costoclavicular ligament
• Subclavian groove
• Conoid tubercle
• Trapezoid line

Question 5

Name some of the landmark features of the scapula

Answer 5

• Acromion (found at the end of scapula spine) where the articular surface for clavicle is found
• Coracoid process

Question 6

What ligaments are found within the acromioclavicular joint

Answer 6

• Acromioclavicular ligament

- Coracoclavicular ligament

Question 7

When is the glenoid fossa/cavity?

Answer 7

It is when the head of the humerus attaches to the scapula

Question 8

What ligaments are found in the stenoclavicular joint?

Answer 8

• Interclavicular ligament (runs along the top of the sternum connecting the two heads of clavicle)
• Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament.
• Also involved is the costoclavicular ligament

Question 9

Why is the sternoclavicular joint an atypical synovial joint

Answer 9

Because it is lined by fibrocartilage

Question 10

What two ligaments make up the coracoclavicular ligament

Answer 10

Trapezoid ligament (lateral) and the conoid ligament (medial)

Question 11

What are the three angels of the scapula? and draw them

Answer 11

Superior
Lateral (under the acromion)
Inferior

Question 12

What are the three fossae of the scapula?

Answer 12

Supraspinous (above spine but below superior angle)
Infraspinous (posterior surface below spine)
Subscapular (anterior surface)

Question 13

Name the three boarders of the scapula

Answer 13

Madial, Lateral and Superior

Question 14

What closes over the suprascapular notch to form the suprascapular foramen?

Answer 14

The upper transverse scapular ligament

Question 15

Describe some of the features and land marks of the proximal humerus and draw them

Answer 15

• Head
• Anatomical neck
• Surgical neck
• Greater tubercle (lateral)
• Lesser tubercle (medial)
• Inbetween two tubercles is the intertubercle sulcus
• Lateral and Medial lips
• Deltoid tuberosity

Question 16

Name and show the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint

Answer 16

Coraco-acromial ligament
Coraco-humeral ligament
-Transverse humeral ligament (holds down the long head of bicep)
3 Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle and inferior)

Question 17

What muscles increase glenohumeral stability?

Answer 17

Rotator cuff

Question 18

What bursae are found in the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 18

Subacromial (subdeltoid) bursae
Subscapula bursae (continuation of joint capsule)

Question 19

Name some fractures of the humerus and their closely associated nerves which can become damages

Answer 19

Mid Shaft - Radial nerves (found in spinal groove)
Surgical neck - Axillary nerve
Supracodylar - Median nerve

Question 20

Name the two parts of the condyle of humerus

Answer 20

Capitulum (lateral)

Trochlea (medial)

Question 21

What are the three fossas located above the capitulum and trochlea

Answer 21

Above the capitulum is the radial fossa

Above the trochlea is the coronoid process and posteriorly is the olecranon process

Question 22

Name and show the landmark features of the proximal ulna

Answer 22

Olecranon
Radial Notch
Supinator crest
Coronoid process
Trochlear notch
Tuberosity of ulna

Question 23

Where does the brachial artery start and bifurcate (end)

Answer 23

It starts at Teres Major and bifurcates at the elbow

Question 24

Name the landmark features of the proximal radius

Answer 24

Head
Neck
Radial Tuberosity
Oblique line (below tuberosity)

Question 25

What joints make up the elbow joint

Answer 25

The Humreo-ulnar joint and the humreo-radial joint

Question 26

The elbow joint supported by?

Answer 26

The collateral ligaments; the radial collateral ligaments and the ulnar collateral ligament

Question 27

What is pulled elbow?

Answer 27

When you disarticulate the radius from the annular ligament (ligament that wraps around the head of the radius)

Question 28

Name two olecranon bursae

Answer 28

• Deep intratendinous bursa

- Superficial subcutaneous bursa

Question 29

What is a colles’ fracture?

Answer 29

A fracture of the distal radius that raises superiorly

Question 30

What is the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna called?

Answer 30

Middle radio-ulnar joint

Question 31

What separates the ulnar from wrist bones

Answer 31

fibrocartilaginous disc

Question 32

What is the distal radioulnar joint?

Answer 32

The joint between the ulnar notch of the radius and the ulnar head

Question 33

Name the carpal bones

Answer 33

Proximal row - Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum and pisiform

Distal Row - Trapezium, Trapezoid, capitate and hammate

Question 34

What helps aid movement at the distal radio-ulnar joint

Answer 34

The sacciform recess. Distal extension of joint capsule between ulna and radius

Question 35

What type of joints are inter-carpal joints and what movement do they allow for?

Answer 35

Plane joints that allow for sliding movement

Question 36

What is the mid-carpal joint important in?

Answer 36

Abduction and extension

Question 37

What type of joints are the carpal-metacarpal joints?

Answer 37

1st joint is a saddle joint (at the thumb)

2nd to 5th joints are condyloid joints

Question 38

What type of joints are the metacarpal-phalangeal? and what ligaments are found here?

Answer 38

Condylar joint. With collateral and palmar ligaments

Question 39

What type of joints are interphalangeal joints?

Answer 39

Hing joints with collateral and palmar ligaments

Question 40

Show the movements of the thumb

Answer 40

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