Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK- Spine and Upper Limb > Upper Limb Arthritis > Flashcards

Upper Limb Arthritis Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 causes of upper limb arthritis?

A

Degenerate, inflammatory, post-traumatic, septic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How often should steroid injections be used in upper limb arthritis?

A

Once or twice a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the pros and cons of joint replacement?

A

Takes away the pain but there may be loss of range of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How common in sternoclavicular joint OA? How will it present?

A

Rare- will present as a swelling with no trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main treatments for sternoclavicular OA?

A

Physio and injections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is surgery not recommended for sternoclavicular joint OA?

A

Too close to important structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How common is AC joint OA? What condition does it overlap with?

A

Vey common- overlaps with impingement syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the main treatments for AC joint OA?

A

Injections, excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why does surgical excision of osteophytes in AC joint OA not destabilise the joint?

A

Because the capsule is maintained, and the clavicle is held in place with ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What can glenohumeral joint OA be related to?

A

Cuff tear, instability, previous surgery, trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some symptoms of OA in the glenohumeral joint?

A

Pain, crepitus and loss of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What movement will be most likely to be lost in glenohumeral joint OA?

A

External rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is a partial shoulder replacement done?

A

Uses hydroxyapatite instead of cement which allows the bone to grow around it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some complications of shoulder replacement?

A

Infection, instability, stiffness, nerve damage, loosening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve is most likely to be damaged in shoulder replacement?

A

Axillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How long will a shoulder replacement generally last?

A

10-15 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is usually the first sign of OA on an x-ray?

A

Osteophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is cuff tear arthropathy?

A

A type of degenerative osteoarthritis that develops over time after the rotator cuff has been damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why will shoulder replacements fail in cuff tear arthropathy?

A

Because there is no rotator cuff to hold it in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of arthritis is most likely to present at the elbow?

A

Rheumatoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When will OA occur at the elbow?

A

Following trauma (especially intra-articular fractures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Arthritic change at the radio-capitellar joint which is not managed conservatively can be managed with what? What are the outcomes?

A

Surgical excision of the radial head, good pain relief with limited functional loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Severe humero-ulnar arthritis which is not managed conservatively can be treated with what?

A

Elbow replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What will be features of elbow RA?

A

Erosions and instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What will be features of elbow joint OA?

A

Pain, restricted movement, osteophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which joint of the elbow is a secondary stabiliser only and can be excised or replaced?

A

Radio-capitellar joint

27
Q

What is the only differential for radiocapitellar joint OA?

A

Tennis elbow

28
Q

Who are elbow replacements successful in?

A

Older patients (they don’t last long enough to use in young patients)

29
Q

What is weight lifting limited to following elbow replacement?

A

2.5kg

30
Q

OA of the radoiocarpal joint usually occurs as a consequence of what? Give examples.

A

Trauma: scaphoid non-union or carpal dislocation

31
Q

Wrist instability can be caused by what? When does that occur?

A

Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) following a FOOSH

32
Q

What happens in SLAC? What is this known as?

A

The scaphoid and lunate bones move apart from each other which results in a predictable pattern of arthritis (Terry Thomas Sign)

33
Q

What can degenerative arthritis as a result of SLAC progress to?

A

Scaphoid non-union advanced collapse (SNAC) which results in chronic malunion of the scaphoid

34
Q

What are some treatment options for wrist arthritis?

A

Fusion of certain bones or total wrist arthrodesis

35
Q

What joints of the hands are most commonly affected by OA?

A

DIPs

36
Q

What are some symptoms of OA at the DIPs?

A

Pain, deformity, swelling, Heberden’s nodes

37
Q

What also may be associated with Heberden’s nodes at the DIPs?

A

Mucous cysts

38
Q

Who is DIP joint OA most common in?

A

Post menopausal women

39
Q

What are some conservative managements for DIP joint OA?

A

NSAIDs, activity modification, capsaicin gel, infections

40
Q

What is the surgical management for mild-moderate DIP joint OA?

A

Removal of osteophytes and excision of mucous cysts

41
Q

What is the surgical management for severe DIP joint OA?

A

Arthrodesis (fusion)

42
Q

After the DIPs, what is the second most common site of OA?

A

Base of the thumb (1st CMC)

43
Q

What is the long name for the base of the thumb joint which is affected by OA?

A

Trapeziometacarpal joint

44
Q

What treatment is used for acute flare ups of base of thumb OA?

A

Steroid injections

45
Q

What are some surgical treatments for base of thumb OA?

A

Excision arthroplasty (trapeziectomy) or fusion

46
Q

Can the PIP joint be affected by OA?

A

Yes

47
Q

Where are Bouchard’s nodes seen?

A

PIPs

48
Q

What are some surgical managements for PIP joint OA?

A

Arthrodesis of index finger (to maintain pincer grip) or replacement arthroplasty of other fingers

49
Q

OA rarely affects the MCP joints without a reason. What are some reasons?

A

Previous injury, occupational strain, gout or infection

50
Q

MCP joint OA can be treated with MCP replacements. What are some risks of this?

A

Ulnar drift or extensor tendon subluxations

51
Q

What are some surgical options for hand RA?

A

Synovectomy, tendon realignment, replacement, fusion

52
Q

Psoriatic arthritis can be seen in the hands, what is the main feature which will distinguish it from RA?

A

Dactylitis (will also more likely be asymmetrical)

53
Q

Does psoriatic arthritis have systemic symptoms?

A

Yes

54
Q

Which carpal bones can be affected by OA? What is the treatment?

A

The joints between the scaphoid, trapezium and trapezoid - fusion of these bones or wrist fusion

55
Q

Which joints of the hands does RA spare?

A

DIPs

56
Q

What are the 3 stages of RA in the hand?

A
  1. Synovitis and tenosynovitis 2. Erosion of joints 3. Joint instability and tendon rupture
57
Q

Subluxations and chronic tenosynovitis in RA can predispose to what?

A

Extensor tendon ruptures

58
Q

What are some deformities which RA can cause?

A

Volar MCP joint subluxation, ulnar deviation, swan neck deformity, Boutonniere deformity

59
Q

What happens in a swan neck deformity?

A

Hyperextension at the PIP, flexion at the DIP

60
Q

What happens in a Boutonniere deformity?

A

Flexion at the PIP, hyperextension at the DIP

61
Q

When extensor tendons to the wrist rupture, what treatments can be used to preserve function?

A

Tendon transfer or joint fusions

62
Q

What joints can be replaced or fused in RA of the hand?

A

PIP and MCP

63
Q

What treatment can be used for arthritis of the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Resection of the distal ulna

MSK- Spine and Upper Limb (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions