Upper limb anatomy 1 (text only) Flashcards
What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis?
Median nerve
What is the innervation of the flexor carpi ulnaris?
Ulnar nerve
Where are the proximal and distal radioulnar joints located?
Between the radius and the ulna
What is the innervation of the teres minor?
Axillary nerve
Which direction does the head of the humerus typically move in a shoulder dislocation?
Anteriorly and inferiorly relative to the glenoid
What action does the biceps brachii perform?
Flexes arm and forearm; supinates hand
What action does the extensor carpi ulnaris perform?
Extends and adducts hand
What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Median nerve
What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis brevis?
Radial nerve
Which muscles comprise the superficial layer of the hand outside of the thenar and hypothenar pads?
Lumbricals (4), adductor pollicis
What action does the extensor carpi radialis longus perform?
Extends and abducts hands
What muscles comprise the anterior compartment of the forearm? (8)
Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficiales, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and pronator quadratus
Where is the scapulothoracic “joint” located?
Between the anterior surface of the scapula and the posterior/lateral thoracic wall
What is the collective action of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Flexion of the arm and supination of the hand
What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis brevis?
Median nerve
Where are the distal interphalangeal joints?
Between the middle and distal phalanx
What are the bones of the shoulder?
Humerus, scapula, and clavicle
What is the blood supply of the coracobrachialis?
Brachial artery
What is the blood supply of the anterior compartment of the arm?
Brachial artery
What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve
Which muscles comprise the hypothenar pad at the base of the little finger?
Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi
What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the arm?
Radial nerve
What is the function of the glenohumeral joint?
Allows for flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotation of the arm
Which muscles comprise the deep layer of the hand?
Palmar interossei (3) and dorsal interossei (4)
What action does the extensor carpi radialis brevis perform?
Extends and abducts hands
What is the innervation of the extensor digiti minimi?
Radial nerve
What are the different classifications of a shoulder separation?
Grade I - slight displacement with a stretched or partially torn acromioclavicular ligament
Grade II - partial dislocation of the joint, completely torn acromioclavicular ligament, intact coracoclavicular ligament
Grade III - complete separation of the joint; acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligament and the surrounding capsule are all torn
What is the disarticulation of the head of the humerus from the glenoid called?
Shoulder dislocation
What action does the supinator perform?
Supinates hand
What is the function of the radioulnar joints?
Pronation/supination of the hand
Where is the sternoclavicular joint located?
Between the clavicle and the sternum
What is the innervation of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the innervation of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Mostly median nerve; ulnar nerve innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus
What is the innervation of the opponens digiti minimi?
Ulnar nerve
What is the innervation of the flexor carpi radialis?
Median nerve
What action does the coracobrachialis perform?
Flexes arm
What is the innervation of the flexor digiti minimi?
Ulnar nerve
What action does the palmaris longus perform?
Flexes hand
What is the function of the interphalangeal joints?
Allows for flexion and extension of the middle phalanx
What is the innervation of the biceps brachii?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What is the blood supply of the brachialis?
Brachial artery
Which muscle/tendon is most often involved in a rotator cuff injury?
Supraspinatus
What is the difference between an intrinsic and an extrinsic muscle of the hand?
Intrinsic muscles of the hand has both of its attachments in the hand; extrinsic muscles of the hand has one of its’ attachments outside of the hand
What is the innervation of the supinator?
Radial nerve
What action does the flexor pollicis longus perform?
Flexes thumb
What is the function of the distal and proximal radioulnar joints?
Supination/pronation of the hand
What are the movements of the scapula that occur at the scapulothoracic “joint”?
Elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, upward/downward rotation
What is the function of the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Allow for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction of the digits
Where are the proximal interphalangeal joints?
Between the proximal and middle phalanx
What action does the extensor pollicis brevis perform?
Extends thumb
What is the innervation of the pronator quadratus?
Median nerve (anterior interosseous)
What action does the subscapularis perform?
Internal rotation
What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum?
Radial nerve
What action does the pronator teres perform?
Pronation of the hand
Where is the acromioclavicular joint located?
Between the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula
What is the blood supply of the triceps brachii?
Deep brachial artery
What action does the flexor carpi radialis perform?
Flexes and abducts hand
What is the blood supply of the biceps brachii?
Brachial artery
What is the innervation of the extensor indicis?
Radial nerve
What muscles comprise the posterior compartment of the arm?
Triceps brachii
What is the innervation of the infraspinatus?
Suprascapular nerve
What is the function of the elbow joint?
Flexion/extension of the forearm
What action does the flexor carpi unlaris perform?
Flexes and adducts hand
Where is the elbow joint located?
Between the trochlear notch of the ulna and the trochlea of the humerus; between the head of the radius and the capitulum of the humerus
What action does the extensor indicis perform?
Extends index finger
Where is the wrist/radiocarpal joint located?
Between the distal radius and the proximal row of carpal bones
What are the four muscles that make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis
What is the disarticulation of the clavicle and the acromion at the acromioclavicular joint called?
Shoulder separation
What action does the triceps brachii perform?
Extends arm and forearm
What is the innervation of the brachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
Which tendon passes through a space underneath the coracoacromial ligament?
Supraspinatus tendon
What is the innervation of the palmaris longus?
Median nerve
What action does the abductor pollicis longus perform?
Abducts thumb
What is the blood supply of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Radial and ulnar arteries
What action does the flexor digitorum profundus perform?
Flexes hand, MP, PIP, and DIP joints
What is the function of the wrist/radiocarpal joint?
Flexion/extension and abduction/adduction of the hand
What is the innervation of the abductor digiti minimi?
Ulnar nerve
What is the blood supply of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Radial and ulnar arteries
What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Radial nerve
What is the innervation of the coracobrachialis?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What action does the extensor pollicis longus perform?
Extends thumb
What is the collective action of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Extension of the wrist and digits, supination of the hand, abduction/adduction of the hand, extension and abduction of the thumb
What is the innervation of the extensor carpi ulnaris?
Radial nerve
What action does the extensor digitorum perform?
Extends hands and fingers
What action does the teres minor perform?
External rotation and adduction
What ligament creates an arch over the top of the glenohumeral joint?
Coracoacromial
What are the functions of the lumbricles?
Flexes MP joint, extends IP joint
What is the innervation of the dorsal interossei?
Ulnar nerve
What action does the flexor digitorum superficialis perform?
Flexes hand, MP, and PIP joints
What is the innervation of the triceps brachii?
Radial nerve
What is the collective action of the posterior compartment of the arm?
Extension of the arm and forearm
What is the innervation of the palmar interossei?
Ulnar nerve
What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis longus?
Radial nerve
Where are the carpometacarpal joints?
Between the proximal end of the metacarpals and the distal row of carpal bones
What is the innervation of the pronator teres?
Median nerve
What are the two ligaments that support the acromioclavicular joint?
Acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular
What action does the extensor digiti minimi?
Extends little finger
What are the functions of the dorsal interossei?
Abducts fingers; flexes MP joints; extends IP joints.
What is the innervation of the flexor pollicis longus?
Median nerve (anterior interosseous)
Where is the glenohumeral joint located?
Between the head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa of the scapula
What action does the supraspinatus perform?
Initiates and assists with abducting of the arm (up to ~15º)
Which muscles comprise the thenar pad at the base of the thumb?
Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis
What is the innervation of the opponens pollicis?
Median nerve
What is the function of the distal interphalangeal joints?
Flexion and extension of the distal phalanx
What is the collective action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexion of the wrist and digits, pronation of the hand, abduct/adduct the hand
What muscles comprise the anterior compartment of the arm?
Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
What is the function of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints?
Relatively immobile, allow for gliding motion
What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum profundus?
Median nerve (anterior interosseous) to medial hal, ulnar to ulnar half
What are the four joints of the shoulder?
Acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic (which really isn’t a typical joint but ¯_(ツ)_/¯ )
What action does the pronator quadratus perform?
Pronates hand
What is the innervation of the extensor carpi radialis longus perform?
Radial nerve
What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis longus?
Radial nerve
What is the innervation of the lumbricles?
Medial nerve for 1-2 (lateral); ulnar nerve for 3-4 (medial)
What are the functions of the palmar interossei?
Adducts fingers; flexes MP joints; extends IP joints
Where are the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Between the distal end of the metacarpals and the proximal phalanx
What is the innervation of the subscapularis?
Upper and lower subscapular nerves
What is the innervation of the of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Radial nerve
What action does the brachialis perform?
Flexes forearm
What muscles comprise the posterior compartment of the forearm? (10)
Extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor incidis, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and supinator
What are the important ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?
Glenoid labrum and the glenohumeral ligaments on the outer aspect of the capsule
What action does the infraspinatus perform?
External rotation, abduction and adduction
