upper limb

Question 1

what forms carpal tunnel?

Answer 1

carpal tunnel of the wrist is formed by the carpal bones and the flexor retinaculum.

Question 2

what runs through carpal tunnel?

Answer 2

The median nerve passes through the carpal tunnel along with 9 flexor tendons (FDS & FDP to 4 digits + FPL) with their synovial covering

Question 3

describe the elbow joint?

Answer 3

The elbow joint describes the articulation between the humerus and the bones of the distal forearm. It consists of the humero‐ulnar joint (responsible for flexion/extension) and the radio‐ capitallar joint (responsible supination/pronation along with the proximal and distal radioulnar joints).

Question 4

What is the function of the humero-ulnar joint?

Answer 4

responsible for flexion/extension)

The triceps muscle which inserts onto the olecranon process powers elbow extension whereas the brachialis (inserting onto the coronoid process) and biceps (inserting onto the bicipital tuberosity of the radius) muscles flex the elbow.

Question 5

what is the function of the radio-capitellar joint?

Answer 5

radio‐ capitallar joint (responsible supination/pronation along with the proximal and distal radioulnar joints).

Question 6

Which muscles are invovled in supination? pronation?

Answer 6

Supination is performed by the biceps and supinator muscles whereas pronation is performed by contraction of the pronator teres muscle proximally and the pronator quadratus muscle distally.