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Practical embryology > Upper limb > Flashcards

Upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers for the anterior aspect of the forearm

A

4

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2
Q

the muscles of the first layer?

A
  1. Pronator teres
  2. Flexor carpi radialis
  3. Flexor carpi ulnaris
  4. Palmaris lonugs
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3
Q

the muscles of the second layer of the anterior aspect of the forearm

A

1.Flexor digitorum superficialis

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4
Q

Third layer?

A
  1. Flexor digitorum profundus

2. Flxor pollicis longus

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5
Q

Fourth layer

A

Pronator quadratus

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6
Q

Which muscle is innervated by median+ulnar nerve

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

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7
Q

Which muscle is innervated only by the Ulnar nerve

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

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8
Q

How many muscles on the lateral aspect of the forearm

A

4

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9
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral aspect of the forearm?

A
  1. Brachioradialis
  2. Extensor carpi radialis longus
  3. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
  4. The supinator muscle
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10
Q

Dorsal scapular nerve innervates and emerges

A

emerges from the superior trunk of ht brachial plexus

  1. Rhomboid minor
  2. Rhomboid major
  3. levator scapulae
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11
Q

The suprascapular nerve

A

Arises from the superior trunk

  1. Infraspinatus muscle
  2. supranspinatus muscle.
  3. Shoulder joint
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12
Q

Long thoracic nerve

A

C5-C6-C7

1.Serratus anterior

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13
Q

Upper and lower supscapular nerve

A

Arise from the posterior cord

innervates the subscapularis muscle

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14
Q

Thoracodorsal nerve

A

orginates from the posterior cord

  1. Teres major
  2. Latissmus dorsi
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15
Q

Lateral pectoral nerve

A

from the name you can know it.
Arises from the lateral cord
1.Pectoralis major
2.Pectoralis minor

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16
Q

Medial pectoral nerve

A

Arises from medial cord

Innervates pectoralis minor and major

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17
Q

Pectoral loop is an anastomosis between

A

Lateral pectoral nerve and medial pectoral nerve

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18
Q

The cords of the brachial plexus are

A
  1. Posterior cord
  2. Medial cord
  3. lateral cord
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19
Q

Upper trunk gives us

A

Dorsal scapular nerve
The suprascapular nerve
The subclavian nerve

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20
Q

The posterior cord gives branches to

A
  1. Axillary nerve
  2. Radial nerve
  3. Upper and lower subscapularis
  4. Thoracodorsal nerve
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21
Q

Radial nerve is coming from which cord

A

Posterior cord

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22
Q

Branches of the radial nerve

A
  1. Posterior brachial cutaneous nerve
  2. Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve
  3. The superficial branch of the radial nerve
  4. The deep branch of the radial nerve
  5. Muscular branches
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23
Q

The median nerve arises from

A

the anastomoses of lateral and medial cords

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24
Q

Ulnar nerve arises from

A

medial cord

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25
Q

Ulnar nerve branches

A
  1. Palmar branch
  2. Dorsal branch
  3. Superficial branch
  4. Deep branch
  5. muscular branch
26
Q

lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve is branch of?

and it innervates?

A
  1. branch of musculocutaneous nerve

2. Innervates the skin of the lateral aspect of the forearm

27
Q

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve innervates?

A

The skin of the medial aspect of the forearm

28
Q

Medial brachial cutaneous nerve innervates?

A

The medial aspect of the arm.

29
Q

The supra-pectoral region is covered anterior by

A

Clavipectoral fascia and pectoralis major muscle

30
Q

Lateral to the supra-pectoral region

A

Lateral and posterior cords

31
Q

Posterior to the supra-pectoral region

A

Medial cord

32
Q

The axillary artery is covered by

A

clavi-coraco-axillary fascia

33
Q

First branch of the axillary artery

A

Supreme thoracic artery(H highest)

34
Q

Branches of the supreme thoracic axillary artery

A

Deep branch

superficial branch

35
Q

the deep branch of the supreme thoracic artery supply

A

serratus anterior and intercostal muscles

36
Q

The superficial branch of the supreme thoracic artery supply

A
  1. Pectoralis major
  2. pectoralis minor
  3. Mammary region.
37
Q

Thoracoacromial artery branches

A

APCD

  1. Acromial branch
  2. pectoral branch
  3. clavicular branch
  4. Deltoid branch
38
Q

The clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery supply

A

Subclavius muscle and sterno-clavicular joint

39
Q

Acromial branch supply

A

Deltoid muscle

40
Q

What arteries emerge from the supra-pectoral region

A
  1. Supreme thoracic artery.
  2. Thoracoacromial artery
  3. Lateral thoracic artery
41
Q

What arteries emerge from the infra-pectoral arteries

A
  1. Subscapular artery
  2. Anterior circumflex humeral artery
  3. posterior curcumflex humeral artery
42
Q

How to remember the Axillary branches?

A

HoTeL SPA

43
Q

Lateral thoracic artery supply

A

1.Mammary gland
2.pectoralis muscles and serratus anterior
parallel to the long thoracic artery

44
Q

What muscles supplied by the subscapular artery and what branch

A 
the branch of the subscapular artery is the circumflex scapular artery.
and the muscles are:
1.lattismus dorsi
2.serratus anterior
3.intercostal muscles
45
Q

The vascular-nervous bundle of the arm.

A

Brachial artery + Median nerve + 2 brachial veins

46
Q

Brachial artery branches

A
  1. Deep brachial artery
  2. superior ulnar collateral artery
  3. Inferior ulnar collateral artery
47
Q

Branches of the deep brachial artery

A
  1. The nutrient artery
  2. The deltoid branch
  3. The medial collateral artery
  4. Radial collateral artery
48
Q

what is the name of the muscle under the trieceps

A

Anconeus muscle

49
Q

Remember that on the forearm the recurrent and collateral make anastomoses between them

A

1.Anterior ulnar collateral artery+Inferior ulnar collateral artery.
2.Posterior ulnar collateral artery+supereior ulnar collateral artery
3.Radial recurrent artery+Radial collateral artery
Collateral arteries are branches of the brachial artery
Recurrent arteries are branches of the radial and ulnar arteries

50
Q

Superficial palmar arch

A

1.Superficial palmar arch»»»Palmar digital arteries»»>Proper palmar digital arteries»fingers2-5
The medial aspect of the fifth finger supplied by the superficial palmar arch.

51
Q

Anastomoses in the lateral bicipital groove

A

Radial collateral artery and Radial recurrent artery

52
Q

Anastomoses in the medial bicipital groove

A

Inferior ulnar collateral artery and anterior recurrent artery

53
Q

Cephalic vien is

A

superficial vein and lateral

54
Q

Basilic vein is

A

superficial vein and medial

55
Q

Medial bicipital groove deep elements

A

1.Brachial artery 2.Brachial veins 3.Median nerve 4.Anterior branch of ulnar recurrent artery 5.Inferior collateral ulnar artery

56
Q

Medial bicipital groove superficial elements

A

1.Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve 2.Basilic vein 3.Medio-basilic vein

57
Q

Lateral bicipital groove deep elements

A
  1. Radial nerve
  2. Radial collateral artery
  3. Radial recurrent artery
58
Q

Lateral bicipital groove superficial elements

A
  1. Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve.
  2. Medio-cephalic vein.
  3. Cephalic vein.
59
Q

What pass through the carpal tunnel

A
  1. Median nerve
  2. Tendons of the flexor muscles
  3. Tendon of the flexor carpi radialis
60
Q

Anatomical snuff box limits?

A
  1. medial: Tendon of the extensor pollicis longus
  2. lateral: 1.tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis
    2. Tendon of the abductor pollicis longus
61
Q

Superficial elemnts of the anatomical snuff box

A

1.Cephalic vein and dorsal digital branches
Also the radial artery pass through the anatomical snuff box and the superficial branch of the radial nerve.
remember only the cephalic vein and dorsal digital branches are the superficial elements

Practical embryology (6 decks)

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