Upper Limb

Question 1

Teres Major

Answer 1

Action: Adducts arm
Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 2

Coracobrachialis

Answer 2

Action: Adducts the arm/Weak flexor of the shoulder
Origin: Coracoid Process
Insertion: Medial side of shaft of humerus

Question 3

Pectoralis Major

Answer 3

Action: Adducts, flexes and Medially rotates the shoulder
Origin: Clavicle, Manubrium, sternum and anterior 6 costal cartilages
Insertion: Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 4

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 4

Action: Adducts but it can also retract the humerus if the arm is fixed and it can extend a flexed arm
Origin: Iliac crest, T6-T12 + lumbar + sacral vertebrae
Insertion: Lower 3 or 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula and intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 5

Subscapularis

Answer 5

Action: Medial rotation and adduction
Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the Humerus

Question 6

Teres Minor

Answer 6

Action: Lateral rotation but it can help during adduction
Origin: Upper 2/3 of the lateral border of the scapula
Insertion: Greater tubercle of Humerus

Question 7

Infraspinatus

Answer 7

Action: Lateral rotation of the Humerus
Origin: Infraspinatus Fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of the Humerus

Question 8

Biceps Brachii

Answer 8

Action: Flexor and supinator of the arm at the elbow joint/also helps flex at the shoulder joint
Origin: Short head - apex of coracoid process
Long head - supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

Question 9

Brachialis

Answer 9

Action: Flexor at the elbow joint
Origin: Distal 2/3 of the Humerus
Insertion: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

Question 10

Brachioradialis

Answer 10

Action: Flexes the arm, particularly when the forearm is between supination and pronation. It also helps to return the arm back to neutral if extreme supination and pronation is reached.
Origin: upper 2/3 of the supracondylar ridge of the Humerus
Insertion: Lateral aspect of radius below styloid process

Question 11

Triceps Brachii

Answer 11

Action: Extends the elbow, extends the shoulder and the long head adducts the arm
Origin: Long Head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial Head - Posterior surface of Humerus
Lateral Head - Above and lateral to spiral groove on Humerus
Insertion: Olecranon of ulnar

Question 12

Rhomboid Minor

Answer 12

Action: Retracts and rotates scapula
Origin: C7 - T1
Insertion: Medial Border of the upper 1/3 of scapula

Question 13

Rhomboid Major

Answer 13

Action: Retracts and rotates scapula
Origin: T2-T5
Insertion: Medial Border of Scapula

Question 14

Trapezius

Answer 14

Action: Middle fibres - retract
Upper fibres - elevate, side flex the neck and extend the neck (when working together)
Lower fibres - depress the shoulder/scapula
Origin: Medial third of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, C7-T12
Insertion: Clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Question 15

Serratus Anterior

Answer 15

Action: Protracts and stabilises scapula. It also assists in upward rotation
Origin: Outer surface of first 8-9 ribs
Insertion: Medial border of scapula

Question 16

Pectoralis Minor

Answer 16

Action: Protracts pectoral girdle, Accessory muscle in breathing and it can assist in medial rotation of scapula
Origin: Outer surface of 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs
Insertion: Medial border of scapula and upper surface of coracoid process

Question 17

Levator Scapulae

Answer 17

Action: Elevates + retracts pectoral girdles. It can also extend the neck with trapezius muscle, stabilise scapula and medially rotate scapula
Origin: Medial Border of the scapula
Insertion: C1 - C4

Question 18

Supraspinatus

Answer 18

Action: 0-15 degrees of abduction
Origin: Supraspinatus fossa
Insertion: Greater tubercle of Humerus

Question 19

Deltoid

Answer 19

Action: Abducts, flexes shoulder, extends shoulder
Origin: Anterior fibres - lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Medial fibres - acromion
Lateral Fibres - spine of scapula
Insertion: Deltoid Tuberosity