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MSK Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

what is the axilla

A

pyramidal space under the shoulder which provides a passageway for nerves and vessels.

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2
Q

what forms the anterior wall of the axilla

A

pectorals major and pectorals minor

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3
Q

what forms the posterior wall of the axilla

A

subscapularis muscle

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4
Q

what forms the medial wall of the axilla

A

thoracic wall and serrarus anterior

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5
Q

what forms the lateral wall of the axilla

A

intertuberculous sulcus of the humerus

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6
Q

what is the axillary artery a continuation of

A

subclavian artery

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7
Q

when does the axilla artery start

A

lateral border of the first rib

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8
Q

what comes after the axillary artery

A

brachial artery, at lower border of trees major

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9
Q

what are the spinal nerves of the brachial plexus

A

c5, c6, c7, c8, t1

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10
Q

pneumonic for brachial plexus

A

read that damn cadaver book

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11
Q

what is erbs point

A

auscultation location for heart sounds -3rd intercostal space left lower sternal edge

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12
Q

what’s erbs palsy

A

waiters tip

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13
Q

where does brachial plexus pass between

A

anterior and medial scalenes

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14
Q

list the arterial supply to the upper limb

A

subclavian, axillary brachial, radial and ulnar

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15
Q

what are the roots of musculocutaenous nerve

A

c5, c6, c7

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16
Q

what are the roots of the axillary nerve

A

c5,c6

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17
Q

what are the roots of the median nerve

A

c6-t1

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18
Q

what are the roots for the radial nerve

A

c5-t1

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19
Q

what are the roots for the ulnar nerve

A

c8-t1

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20
Q

describe venous drainage of upper limb

A

cephalic vein, medi cubital vein, basilic vein medially then into the dorsal venous network

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21
Q

lymphatic drainage of the upper limb

A

axillary lymph node

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22
Q

splitting of axillary lymph node

A 
pectoral group
sub scapular group
apical group
central group
lateral group
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23
Q

where does medial part of breast drain to

A

internal throacic

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24
Q

where does lateral part of the breast drain to

A

axillary

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25
Q

what is the pectoral girdle

A

set of bones which connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton

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26
Q

the upper limb and pectoral girdle attach at what point

A

glenohumeral ball and socket

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27
Q

weakest point of clavicle

A

between middle 2/3 and lateral 1/3 as its the thinnest point

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28
Q

anterior surface of scapula

A

faces the rib change

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29
Q

lateral surface of scapula

A

supraglenoid tubercle
infraglenoid tubercle
glenoid fossa

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30
Q

spine of the scapula

A

separates the infraspinous and supraspinous fossa

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31
Q

describe the acromion

A

projection of the spine which goes over the glenoid fossa and articulates with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint

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32
Q

glenohumeral joint

A

between the glenoid fossa and the humerus

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33
Q

muscles of the scapula

A 
trapezius
levator scapulae 
rhomboid minor
rhomboid major 
supraspinatus 
infraspintus 
teres minor 
there major serrates anterior
latissmis dorsal
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34
Q

what kind of joint If the glenohumeral joint

A

ball and socket

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35
Q

what is the function of the glenoid labrum

A

the deepen the socket to provide stability

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36
Q

describe parts of the humerus

A

humeral head
anatomical neck
surgical nek
greater tuberosity

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37
Q

what type of joint is the acromiocalvical joint

A

synovial plane

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38
Q

acromioclavicular ligament

A

runs form lateral end of clavicle directly to the acromion

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39
Q

coracoacromial ligament

A

forms from the lateral end of the coracoid process to the acromion

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40
Q

coracohumeral ligament

A

from the top of the humerus to the coracoid process

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41
Q

glenohumeral ligament

A

strengths the anterior aspect of the capsule

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42
Q

transverse humeral ligament

A

between 2 tuberosities of the humerus

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43
Q

what are bursae

A

fluid filled cushions around joints

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44
Q

what is the role of subacromial bursae

A

communicates with subdeltoid bursae

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45
Q

what is the role of sub scapular bursae

A

communicates directly with the joint

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46
Q

rotator cuff muscles

A

subscapularis underneath
supraspinous
infraspinous
teres minor

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47
Q

what is the movement of the rotator cuff muscles

A

rotation and abduction while stabilising the shoulder

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48
Q

what do the anterior fibres of the deltoid do

A

flex and medially rotate

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49
Q

what do the middle deltoid fibres do

A

abduct

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50
Q

what do the posterior deltoid fibres do

A

extend and laterally rotate

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51
Q

innveration of deltoid

A

C5 and c6, axillary nerve

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52
Q

name parts of the humerus

A 
radial groove
deltoid tuberosity
greater and lesser tubercle 
intertubercle sulcus
lateral epicondyle
medial epicondyle 
shaft 
epiphyseal plate 
coranoid fossa at the front 
olecranon fossa at the back
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53
Q

what is the anterior compartment

A

flexors

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54
Q

what is the posterior compartment

A

extenosr

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55
Q

describe the biceps bracii

A

most anterior muscle

arises from the scapula

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56
Q

what are the two heads called

A

long and short

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57
Q

where does the short head arise from

A

coracoid process

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58
Q

where does the long head arise from

A

the supraglenoid tubercle, loops over

59
Q

where does it insert distally

A

radial tuberosity

60
Q

what is the action of the shoulder and elbow joint

61
Q

what is the nerve supply of bicep

A

c5-7 musculocutaenous

62
Q

describe the coarcobrachilais muscle

A

arises from coracoid process and insets into medial margin of humerus

63
Q

what is the action of coracobrachialis

A

flexion and adduction of shoulder

64
Q

what is the innervation

A

musculocutaenous nerve

65
Q

upper arm muscles BBC

A

biceps, brachialis and coracobrachialis

66
Q

describe the brachilais muscles

A

arises from distal half of the shaft of humerus

it inserts into the ulna

67
Q

what is the action of brachialis on the elbow

A

flexion of elbow

68
Q

what is the innervation of brachialis

A

musco, and radial

69
Q

where does the musculocutaenous nerve innervate

A

arises from lateral chord

main nerve of anterior compartment

70
Q

what does it continue as

A

lateral continuous nerve of the forearm-sensation

71
Q

what is the main branch from the brachial arerty

A

profunda brachii

72
Q

where does the median nerve arise from

A

lateral chord and medial chord

73
Q

does it go through the cubital fossa

74
Q

where does the ulnar nerve arise from

A

medial chord

75
Q

what is its course

A

descends along the medial side of the brachial artery, passes along the medial epidconydle, innervates most of the muscles of the anterior forearm

76
Q

what is the cubital fossa

A

a triangular depression or hollow in front of the elbow

77
Q

what artery passes through the cubital fossa

A

brachial artery, also contains radial nerve

78
Q

what forms the lateral border of the fossa

A

medial border of the brachioradialis muscle

79
Q

what forms the medial border of the fossa

A

lateral border or pronator teres

80
Q

describe the nerves of the arm

A

front of upper arm, flexors-musculo
anterior forarem-ulnar
posterior upper, extensors arm-radial

81
Q

describe the triceps

A

long head from scapula infraglenoid fossa
medial and lateral head form humerus
inserts into the olecranon process of ulna

82
Q

innveration of triceps

A

radial nerve c7-8

83
Q

describe the radial nerve

A

terminal branch of posterior chord

84
Q

what type f joint if the elbow joint

A

synovial hinge

85
Q

ligaments of the elbow joint

A

radial collateral on lateral side
ulnar collateral on the medial side
annul ligament right across

86
Q

what type of joints ar eradi-ulnar joints

A

synovial pivot
superior and inferior joint
annular ligament holds the head fo the radius

87
Q

what muscles are involved in supination

A

supinator and bicep

88
Q

what muscles are involved in pronation

A

pronator teres

pronator quadratus

89
Q

what are the muscles of the superficial group of anterior arm

A

pronator teres-median nerve
flexor carpi radialis-median nerve
palmaris longus-median nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris -ulnar nerve

90
Q

what adducts the wrist

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

91
Q

what abducts the wrist

A

flexor carpi radialis

92
Q

what compartment is the brachioradialis in

A

extensor compartment, innervated by radial nerve, flexes the elbow

93
Q

what muscles are in the intermediate group

A

flexor digitorum superficialis- has 2 heads, one from medial epicondyle and one from radius, goes to middle phalanxes of the 4 fingers

94
Q

what muscles are in the deep group

A

flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator Quadratus

95
Q

flexor digitorum profundus move all fingers?n

A

no it doesn’t move the thumb, flexes distal phalanges

96
Q

what is the innervation of FDP

A

medial half id the ulnar nerve- little and ring finger

lateral half is the median nerve- index and middle

97
Q

what Is the long flexor of the thumb

A

flexor pollicis longus, median nerve

98
Q

what is the innveration of pronator quadratus

A

median nerve

99
Q

what relationship does the median nerve have to the brachial artery

100
Q

what nerve doesn’t the median nerve supply

A

flexor carpi ulnaris- ulnar nerve

flexor digitorum profundus-ulnar nerve

101
Q

what is the ulnar nerve to the ulnar artery

102
Q

what is the carpal tunnel

A

passageway deep to the flexor retinaculum between he scaphoid and the trapezium on the lateral side.

103
Q

what goes through the carpel tunnel

A

median nerve
4 tendons of flexor digitroum profundas
4 tendons of flexor digitorum superficially
1 tendon of flexor pollicis longus

104
Q

what is carpel tunnel syndrome

A

any lesion that significantly reduces the side to eh carpel tunnel. if the nerve is affected it leads to tingling, diminished sensation and absence of sensation

105
Q

what is palmar aponeurosis a continuation of

A

palmaris longus

106
Q

what are the thenar muscles

A

lateral part of the palm and responsibly for apposition of the thumb

107
Q

what are the names of the thenar muscles

A

abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollici- the deepest

108
Q

what is the innervation of the thenar muscles

A

median nerve

109
Q

what are the hypothenar muscles

A

on the medial side of the palm

110
Q

what are the names of the hypothenar muscles

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi

111
Q

what’s the innervation of the hypothenar muscles

A

deep branch of ulnar nerves

112
Q

where do lumbricals come from

A

flexor digitorum profundas

113
Q

what is the action of lumbricals

A

they flex the fingers at metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal joint

114
Q

what are the lumbricals innervation

A

ulnar nerve on medial 2

median nerve lateral 2

115
Q

how many dorsal interossi are there

116
Q

how many palmar interossi are there

117
Q

DAB

A

dorsal abduct the fingers

118
Q

PAD

A

palmar adduct the fingers

119
Q

what is the interossei innervation

A

ulnar nerve

120
Q

what is the blood supply to the hand

A

ulnar and radial artery

121
Q

what is the main contributor of superficial arch

122
Q

what is the main contributor of deep arch

123
Q

what is the nerve supply of the hand

A

medial and ulnar nerve

radial does not supply any muscles but the skin of the dorsal aspect of the hand

124
Q

what are the joints of the hand

A

metacarpophalangeal joint

proximal and distal interphalangeal joint

125
Q

what type of joint is the wrist joint

A

synovial condyloid

126
Q

what bones form the proximal part of the joint

A

distal part of the ulnar, radius and articular disk

127
Q

what bones form the distal part of the joint

A

first row of carpal bones-lunate, trapezium, scaphoid

128
Q

muscles in the adduction of the forearm

A

flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor

129
Q

muscles in the abduction of the forearm

A

flexor carpi radialis, abdcutor pollicis longus

130
Q

muscles that abduct or adduct at the wrist joint

A

extensor capri radialis brevis
extensor carpi ulanris brevis
extensor carpi radialis longus

131
Q

muscles that extend the medial four digits

A

extensor digitorum
extensor indicis
extensor digit minimi

132
Q

what is the extensor digitorum

A

extensor of the fingers and wrist. arises from lateral epicondyle and passes under the extensor retinaculum, doesn’t go to the thumb

133
Q

what are the muscles that extend and abduct the thumb

A

abducotr pollicis longus
extensor politic brevis
extensor pollicis brevis

134
Q

where does the supinator come from

A

envelops the proximal part of the shaft of the radius

135
Q

what is the dorsal venous arch

A

main superficial veins of the upper limb originate in the subcutaneous tissue not he dorsal of the hand

136
Q

what is a synovial cyst

A

non tender cystic growth that appears most commonly on the dosrum of the hand

137
Q

what are the borders of the anatomical snuffbox

A

medial-extensor pollicis longus
floor- scaphoid and trapezium
lateral- extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

138
Q

what is the artery that lies on the floor of the snuffbox

A

radial artery

139
Q

what nerve innervates the muscles of the thumb

A

branch of radial

140
Q

what is the action of extensor pollicis longus

A

extensio and adducts

141
Q

what is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis

A

extends and abducts

142
Q

muscles involved in extensor expansion

A

extensor digitorum
lumbrical
plantar and dorsal interossi

143
Q

what is the hand innervated vy

A

ulnar nerve

MSK Anatomy (2 decks)

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