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MSK Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

make sure can name the parts of the hip bone

A 
anterior superior iliac spine
iliac crest
pubis 
ischium
pubic tubercle 
pubic crest
pubic symphysis 
obturator foramen
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2
Q

make sure can name the parts of the femur

A 
head 
neck
greater trochanter
lesser trochanter 
lateral epicondyle 
medial epicondyle
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3
Q

what are the two veins of the lower limbs

A

great saphenous

small saphenous

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4
Q

what vein ascends anterior to the medial malleolus

A

great saphenous

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5
Q

which vein ascends posterior to the lateral malleolus

A

small saphenous

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6
Q

what vein empties into the femoral vein

A

great saphenous

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7
Q

what vein empties into the popliteal vein

A

call saphenous

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8
Q

the lymphatic vessels are split into 2 categories

A

superficial and deep

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9
Q

what are the 3 categories of lymph nodes

A

superficial inguinal
deep inguinal
popliteal lymph nodes

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10
Q

where does lymph vessels accompanying great saphaneous go

A

superficial inguinal

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11
Q

where does lymph vessels accomanying small saphenous go

A

popliteal

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12
Q

know he dermatomes of the lower limb

A

eg l3 for knee

s1 for little toe and sole

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13
Q

what type of joint is the hip joint

A

synovial ball and socket

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14
Q

what is the acetabular labrum

A

a fibrocartilage collar which deepens the cavity and stops the hip slipping out

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15
Q

what is the iliofemoral ligament

A

comes from the superior anterior iliac spine, prevents hyperextension

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16
Q

what is the pubofemoral ligament

A

between the superior pubic rami and the intertrochanteric line prevents hyper abduction

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17
Q

what is the ischiofemoral ligament

A

between the body of the ischium and the greater trochanter of the femur

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18
Q

what are the hip flexors

A

iliacus
psoas major
psoas minor

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19
Q

what is iliopsoas muscle

A

iliacus and psoas major

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20
Q

muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg

A 
biceps femoris
semitendinous
semimembranous
gluteus maximus- main extensor 
all innervated by sciatic nerve
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21
Q

what are the adductors of the hip joint, medial compartment

A 
obturator externus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis 
obturator
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22
Q

what is the adductor compartment supplied by

A

obturator nerve which goes through the obturator canal

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23
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior thigh

A

pectineus, sartorius and quadriceps femoris

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24
Q

what are the 4 heads of the quadriceps

A

rectus femrois
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

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25
what is the innervation of the anterior rthigh
femoral nerve, they extend the knee and flex the hip
26
to which part of the tibia does the patellar ligament attach
below tibial tuberosity
27
what are the actions sartorius has on the hip
flex, abduct
28
what passes through the adductor hiatrus
femoral vessels, femoral artery, vein and saphenous nerve
29
medial thing muscles
peanut butter leaves me greasy | pectinous, brevis, longus, Magnus, gracilis
30
what is the femoral artery a continuation of
external iliac arerty, which changes when the inguinal ligament enters the femoral triangle
31
where does the femoral artery enter the thigh
ant sup iliac spine | pubic symphysis
32
what is the large branch which passes posteriorly to the hamstrings
lateral circumflex femoral atery
33
what is the femoral vein a continuation of
popliteal vein
34
which two veins drain into the femoral triangle
profunda femoris vein | great saphenous vein
35
the femoral nerve is the largest brach of the lumbar plexus, what does it supply
saritorius pectinues iliacus rectus femoris
36
what is the femoral triangle
a triangular depression below the inguinal ligament , basically the same as the axilla
37
what is the medial border of the triangle
adductor longus
38
what is the lateral border of the traingle
saritorus
39
what are the contents of the triangle
``` femoral nerve femoral artery femoral vein NAV lymph nodes and vessels ```
40
what is the femoral sheath
funnel shaped fascial tube which surrounds contents but not nerve
41
what is the adductor canal
allows the anterior femoral artery to becomes the posterior popliteal artery
42
what are the roots of the lumbar plexus
l1-l4
43
what does the femoral nerve innervate
anterior compartment of the thigh
44
what does the obturator nerve innervate
medial compartment of the thigh
45
what is the pelvic girdle
bony ring consisting of the sacrum and left and right hip bones joint at the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joints
46
what are the ligaments of the pelvic
sacrotuberous ligament | scarospinous ligament
47
what is the route for structure entering pelvis
greater sciatic foramen | lesser sciatic foramen
48
what are the 2 layers of gluteal muscles
superficial and deep
49
what muscles are in the superficial layer
gluteus maximus gluteus minimus gluteus medius tensor fasciae latae
50
what muscles are in the deep layer
``` piriformis obturator internus superior and inferior gemelli Quadratus femoris they are lateral rotators of the hip ```
51
what are the layers of gluteal muscles
gluteus Maximus-extension and external rotation of the hip, innervated by inferior gluteal nerve gluteus medius gluteus minimis
52
where is the iliotibial tract
lateral edge
53
what are two muscles attached the to ilotibial tract
tensor fasciae latae
54
what muscles for the quadriceps femoris
vastus lateralis rectus femoris vastus medialis
55
what is the action of gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fasciae latae
adbcutors and medial rotators of the hip, innervated by superior gluetal nerve
56
what are the roots of the sacral plexus
l4,5 s1-s4
57
what are the two main branches of sacral plexus
sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve
58
what muscles does the superior gluteal nerve supply
gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fasciae latae
59
what muscles does the inferior gluteal nerve supply
gluteus maximus
60
where does sciatic nerve come from
pirifmoris splits into common fibular nerve and tibial nerve
61
what are the roots of the sciatic nerev
l4-s3, innervates posterior thigh muscles
62
which 3 muscles make up the hamstrings
biceps femoris-long and short head semitendinous semimembranous
63
what is the action of the hamstrings
extension of hip | flexion of knee
64
what type of joint is the knee joint
synovial hinge
65
what are the articular surfaces of the joint
medial and lateral condyles of the femur tibia posterior surfaces of the patella fibula is not involved
66
what meniscus is circular
lateral
67
what meniscus is C shaped
medial
68
which ligaments are on the outside of the knee
collateral ligaments
69
which ligaments are on the inside of the knee
cruciate ligaments
70
describe the lateral collateral ligament
on the lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral surface of the head of the fibula
71
describe the medial collateral ligament
on the medial epicondyle of femur to the medial surface of the tibia, it is firmly attached to the medial meniscus to prevent dislocation of the knee
72
purpose of the anterior cruciate ligament
prevents the femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia and prevents dislocation of the knee
73
purpose of the posterior cruciate ligament
prevents femur from sliding posteriorly
74
what is the function of menisci
disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction during movement
75
what muscles cause flexion of the knee joint
hamstrings gracilis sartoirus politeus
76
what muscles cause extension of the knee joint
quadriceps femoris
77
name bursae around the knee joint
supra patellar prepatella infrapatella
78
the leg is split into what compartments
anterior lateral posterior
79
muscles of anterior leg
tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallicius longus fibulas tertius
80
what is the splitting of common fibular nerve
superficial fibular nerve | deep fibular nerve- goes medial
81
what is the blood supply to the anterior leg
anterior tibial artery, branch of popliteal artery
82
what are the muscles of the lateral compartment
fibulas longus | fibularis brevis
83
what nerve supplies the lateral comparmtnet
superifical tibial nerve
84
what type of joint is the ankle joint
syovial hinge
85
whats at the lower end of the tibia and fibula
lateral and medial malleolus
86
the articular surfaces of the ankle are
distal end of tibia and fibula | superior end of talus bone
87
the ankle joint is unstable in what movement
plantar flexion
88
what ankle joint ligament is the weakest
lateral ligament
89
what movement causes ankle sprains
inversion
90
what muscles cause dorsifelxion
tibialis anterior extensor digitroum longus extensor hallicus longus
91
what muscles cause plantar flexion
flexor hallicus longus flexor digitorum longus gastroceminus soleus
92
what type of joint is the tibia-fibular joint
synovial plane
93
what type of joint is the distal fibular joint
synovial plane
94
what is the popliteal fossa
a fat filled diamond shaped space posterior to the knee joint
95
what is the medial border of the popliteal fossa
semimembraneous muscle
96
what is the lateral border of the popliteal fossa
biceps femoris muscle
97
what are the contents of the popliteal fossa
``` fat popliteal artery popliteal vein tibial nerve common fibular nerve ```
98
what are the muscles in the superficial posterior leg
gastrocnemius calcaneal tendon-achilles plantaris muscle soleus muscle
99
what nerve innervates all the muscles of the posterior leg
tibial nerve, supplied by postrieor tibial artery
100
where can the tibial artery be palpated
posterior surface of the medial malleolus
101
what muscles are in the deep posterior leg
``` popliteus tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallicus longus tom, dick , harry ```
102
know the bones in the feet
``` phalanges metatarsals tarsals cuneiforms navicular-medial cuboid-lateral talus calcaneus ```
103
what are the muscles of the foot innervated by
branches of tibial nerve, medial and plantar nerves
104
what muscles are on the dorsal aspect of the foot
extensor digitorum brevis | extensor hallicus brevis
105
what muscles are in the first layer of the plantar aspect of the foot
absuctor hallicus abductor digiti minimi plantar digitorum brevis
106
what muscles are in the second layer of the planter aspect of the foot
quadratus planate | lumbricals
107
what are passive factors which keep the arches in the foot
shaped of united bones plantar aponeurosis long plantar ligamanet short plantar ligament
108
what are the dynamic factors which keeps the arches of the foot
intrinsic muscles of the foot long flexor tendons tendon of tibias anterior and fibulas longus

MSK Anatomy (2 decks)

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