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OSPE limbs > upper limb > Flashcards

upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

List the functions of pec major

A

Adducts, flexes, medially rotates humerus

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2
Q

Innervation of pec major?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

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3
Q

Where does the pec major arise from and insert into?

A

Arises from: medial half of clavicle, first 6 CC, aponeurosis of external oblique
Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

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4
Q

How would you test the actions of pec major?

A

Ask the patient to adduct, medially rotate or extend the shoulder against resistance (ie. testing the gleno-humeral jnt)

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5
Q

Innervation of pec minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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6
Q

Function of pec minor

A

Stabilises scapula

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7
Q

Origin and insertion of pec minor

A

Origin: ant surface ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process scapula

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8
Q

Function of subclavius

A

Stabilises & depresses clavicle

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9
Q

Origin and insertion of subclavius

A

Origin: First CC
Insertion: Middle 3rd clavicle

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10
Q

Origin and insertion of serratus ant

A

Origin: lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
Insertion: Medial border scapula

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11
Q

Function of serratus ant

A

Laterally rotate scapula

Protracts scapula under the ribcage

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12
Q

Innervation of serratus ant

A

Long thoracic nerve

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13
Q

What happens when the nerve innervating serratus anterior is damaged

A

Winged scapula

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14
Q

Test the function of serratus ant

A

Ask patient to push arm out against resistance

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15
Q

Name the seven motions of the gleno-humeral jnt

A

Abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, medial and lateral rotation, circumsduction

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16
Q

Name the 6 motions of the scapulothoracic jnt

A

Elevation, depression, medial and lateral rotation, protraction, retraction

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17
Q

Name the 4 movements of the wrist jnt

A

Flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation

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18
Q

Name the extrinsic shoulder muscles

A

Lat dorsi, trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid maj and min

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19
Q

Origin and insertion of lat dorsi

A

Origin: Iliac crest, vertebrae T7-L5, ribs 10-12, inf angle scapula
Insertion: intertubercular groove

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20
Q

Innervation of lat dorsi

A

Thoraco-dorsal nerve

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21
Q

Function of lat dorsi

A

Adducts, medially rotates and extends humerus

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22
Q

How would you test for lat dorsi

A

Ask patient to adduct arm against resistance

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23
Q

Origin and insertion of traps

A

Origin: occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
Insertion: clavicle, acromion process, scapular spine

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24
Q

Functions of trap

A

Elevates, rotates, retracts, depresses scapula

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25
Q

Innervation of trap

A

CN11 accessory nerve

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26
Q

Test the trap

A

Shrug shoulders against resistance

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27
Q

Innervation of levator scapulae

A

Dorsal scapular n

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28
Q

Function of levator scapulae

A

Elevates scapula (obv)

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29
Q

Origin and insertion of levator scapulae

A

Origin: transverse processes C1-4
Insertion: medial border scapula

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30
Q

Origin and insertion of rhomboid maj

A

Origin: spinous processes T2-T5
Insertion: medial border scapula

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31
Q

Innervation of rhomboid maj

A

Dorsal scapular n

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32
Q

Functions of rhomboid maj

A

Retracts & medially rotates (elevation) scapula

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33
Q

Origin and insertion of rhomboid minor

A

Origin: spinous processes C7-T1 and ligamentum nuachae
Insertion: medial border scapula @ spine

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34
Q

Innervation and functions of rhomboid minor

A

Same as rhomboid maj. Dorsal scapular n and medially rotates (elevation) and retracts scapula

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35
Q

Name the intrinsic shoulder muscles

A

Deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff muscles

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36
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

Axillary n

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37
Q

Origin and insertion of deltoid

A

Origin: Acromion, scap spine, lateral 3rd clavicle
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity on humerus

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38
Q

Main function of deltoid

A

Abduction of arm

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39
Q

Testing the function of deltoid

A

Ask patient to abduct arm against resistance

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40
Q

Origin and insertion of teres maj

A

Origin: Lat asp of inf angle scap
Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus

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41
Q

Functions of teres maj

A

Adduct, retract, medially rotate humerus

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42
Q

Innervation of teres maj

A

Lower subscapular n

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43
Q

Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor

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44
Q

Which rotator cuff musc is the only one that attaches to the lesser tubercle of humerus?

A

Subscapularis

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45
Q

Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm through the first 15 degrees?

A

Supraspinatus

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46
Q

Innervation of subscapularis

A

Upper & lower subscapular n

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47
Q

Origin and insertion of subscapularis

A

Origin: subscap fossa (anterior)
Insertion: Lesser tubercle humerus

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48
Q

Where do 3 of the rotator cuff muscles insert?

A

Greater tubercle of humerus

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49
Q

Origin of supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

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50
Q

Origin of infraspinatus

A

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

51
Q

Function of infraspinatus

A

Laterally rotate arm

52
Q

Origin of teres min

A

Lateral border scapula

53
Q

Function of teres minor

A

Laterally rotate humerus

54
Q

Innvervation of teres minor

A

Axillary n

55
Q

How to test lateral rotation and abduction of shoulder

A

Put arms behind neck against resistance

56
Q

How to test medial rotation of shoulder and subscapularis

A

Ask patient to put their hands far up their back against resistance

57
Q

Name the 3 anterior muscles of the arm

A

Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis

58
Q

Function of biceps

A

Flexes elbow and main supinator of forearm

59
Q

Blood supply of anterior arm muscles

A

Brachial artery

60
Q

Innervation of all anterior arm muscles

A

Musculocutaneous n

61
Q

Origin of the two heads of biceps

A

Short head: coracoid process of scapula

Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

62
Q

Insertion of biceps

A

Radial tuberosity

63
Q

Testing the function of biceps (easy)

A

Ask patient to flex elbow against resistance, stabilising elbow jnt

64
Q

Function of brachialis

A

Flexor of forearm

65
Q

Origin and insertion of brachialis

A

Origin: middle of humeral shaft
Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity

66
Q

Origin and insertion coracobrachialis

A

Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: middle of medial aspect humerus

67
Q

Function of coracobrachialis

A

Flexion and adduction humerus

68
Q

Name the only muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm

A

Triceps brachii

69
Q

Where does the common tendon of the three heads of triceps insert?

A

Olecranon of ulna

70
Q

Origin of the long, medial and lateral heads of the triceps

A

Long: infraglenoid tubercle
Medial and lateral: posterior surface of humerus
Medial originates inf to radial groove
Lateral originates sup to radial groove

71
Q

Innervation of triceps

A

Radial n

72
Q

Function of triceps

A

Extension of the forearm

73
Q

Testing the function of triceps

A

Ask patient to bend the arm at the elbow and then straighten the elbow against resistance, stabilising the elbow jnt

74
Q

Name the superficial muscles in the ant compartment forearm

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres
Palmaris longus

75
Q

Function of pronator teres

A

Pronates radius about the ulna

76
Q

Which superficial ant compartment muscle of the forearm is not innervated by the median nerve? What nerve supplies it?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar n

77
Q

Where do all the superficial and intermediate muscles of the ant forearm originate?

A

Common flexor tendon @ medial epicondyle of humerus

78
Q

Function of flexor carpi radialis

A

Flexes wrists and radial deviation

79
Q

Function of palmaris longus

A

Weak flexion of wrist

80
Q

Attachment of palmaris longus

A

Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

81
Q

Function of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation

82
Q

Attachment of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Pisiform, hamate and 5th metacarpal

83
Q

Testing the superficial flexors of ant forearm

A

Ask patient to hold hands up like a boxer
Pronate the forearms to activate pronator teres
Flex wrists against resistance

84
Q

Name the muscle in the intermediate forearm (anterior)

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

85
Q

Origin and insertion of FDS

A

Origin: common flexor tendon
Insertion: 4 intermediate phalanges

86
Q

Function of FDS

A

Flexes wrist

Flexes MCP and PIPs of last 4 digits

87
Q

Innervation of FDS

A

Median n

88
Q

Testing FDS

A

Flex the PIP of the last 4 digits against resistance whilst stabilising proximal phalanx

89
Q

Name the three deep muscles of the anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

90
Q

List the contents of the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Median n

91
Q

Function of flexor digitorum profundus

A

Flexes DIP jnt

Assists in MCP flexion

92
Q

Innervation of FDP

A

Medial 2 tendons - ulnar n

Lateral 2 tendons - median n

93
Q

Testing for the FDP

A

Ask patient to flex DIP jnt against resistance whilst stabilising the jnt

94
Q

Function of pronator quadratus

A

Pronates forearm

95
Q

Testing for the pronator teres and quadratus

A

Pronate arm against resistance whilst holding elbow

96
Q

Which nerve innervates all the muscles in the posterior forearm?

A

Radial n

97
Q

Name the superficial muscles in the posterior forearm

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Extensor carpi ulnaris 
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi 
Anconeus
98
Q

Name the deep muscles in the posterior forearm

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicis longus 
Extensor pollicis brevis
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor indices
99
Q

Testing for the muscles in the posterior forearm (name 2)

A
  1. Flatten hand and extend wrist against resistance

2. Flatten fingers on a flat surface and extend against resistance

100
Q

Name the intrinsic hand muscles

A 
Interossei
Lumbricals
Thenar muscles
Hypothenar muscles
Adductor pollicis
101
Q

How many interossei are there and what are their functions?

A

3 Palmar - Adduction of digits at MCP

4 Dorsal - Abduction of digits at MCP

102
Q

Where in the hand do the interossei originate and attach?

A

Origin: Between the metacarpals
Insertion: respective proximal phalanges
Palmar and dorsal surfaces

103
Q

Innervation of interossei

A

Ulnar n

104
Q

Test for the palmar interossei

A

Palmar interossei ADduct the digits

Put a piece of paper between each of the 4 medial digits and try to take the paper out

105
Q

Test for dorsal interossei

A

Spread all the digits out

Keep digits spread out whilst trying to push them together

106
Q

Function of lumbricals

A

Flex MCP

Extend IPs

107
Q

Innervation of lumbricals

A

2+3 - median n

4+5 - ulnar n

108
Q

Name the three thenar muscles

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

109
Q

Innervation of thenar muscles

A

Median n

110
Q

Name the 3 hypothenar muscles

A

Abductor digiti mini
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

111
Q

Innervation of hypothenars

A

Ulnar n

112
Q

Testing for the thenars and hypothenars

A

Patient touches thumb and little finger, try and separate them

113
Q

Innervation and function of adductor pollicis

A

Adducts thumb

Ulnar n

114
Q

What are the borders of the axilla?

A

Anterior border: pec maj and min
Medial border: thoracic wall and serratus ant
Posterior border: subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres maj
Lateral border: intertubercular groove of humerus

115
Q

What are the contents of the axilla?

A 
Axillary artery and vein
Brachial plexus
Axillary lymph nodes 
Tendon of short head biceps
Tendon of coracobrachialis
116
Q

What are the borders of the cubital fossa?

A

Lateral border: medial border brachioradialis
Medial border: lateral border pronator teres
Superior border: line between epicondyles of humerus
The floor of the fossa is formed by the brachialis

117
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Radial n
Median n
Brachial artery
Biceps tendon

118
Q

What forms the carpal tunnel?

A

Carpal bones and flexor retinaculum

119
Q

Which bones does flexor retinaculum attach to?

A

Radial side: trapezium and scaphoid

Ulnar side: pisiform and hamate

120
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A

Median n
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus

121
Q

Name the borders of the anatomical snuffbox

A

Medial: Tendon of extensor pollicis longus
Lateral :Tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Proximal border: Styloid process of radius
Floor: Scaphoid and trapezium

122
Q

What are the contents of the anatomical snuff box?

A

Radial artery
Superficial branch of radial n
Cephalic vein

123
Q

What nerve roots does the bicep tendon reflex test?

A

C5 and C6

124
Q

What nerve roots does the tricep tendon reflex test?

A

C6 and C7

OSPE limbs (2 decks)

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