Lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

Name the five ligaments of the hip joint

A
Ligament of femoral head
Transverse acetabular ligament
Iliofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
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2
Q

Name the movements of the hip joint

A
Internal and external rotation
Flexion
Extension
Adduction and abduction
Circumsduction
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3
Q

Where is the most commonly fractured site on the femur?

A

Neck - is at 126 degrees to the shaft for a larger ROM

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4
Q

What muscles insert into the greater trochanter of the femur?

A

Glute minimus and medius
Piriformis
Obturator internus and externus
Superior and inferior gemelli

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5
Q

What muscles insert into the lesser trochanter of the femur?

A

Iliopsoas

Part of adductor magnus

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6
Q

What is the long ridge running down posterior femur?

A

Linea aspera

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7
Q

What are the three ridges that form linea aspera and name the muscles that attach to it

A

Lateral ridge - gluteal tuberosity - glute max
Intermediate ridge - pectineal line - pectineus
Medial ridge - interotrochanteric line - vastus medialis

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8
Q

Name the two articulations in the knee joint and what they are between.

A

Tibiofemoral articulation - btwn lateral and medial condyles of femur and lateral and medial condyles of tibia.
Patellofemoral articulation - btwn patellar surface and patella

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9
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint and what movements does it allow?

A

Synovial hinge joint - flexion and extension.

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10
Q

What is found in between the tibiofemoral articulation?

A

Medial and lateral menisci - fibrocartilaginous pads

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11
Q

What’s the purpose of menisci?

A

increase joint stability and shock absorber

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12
Q

Patella is a sesamoid bone formed within which tendon?

A

Quadriceps femoris

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13
Q

What is the ankle joint?

A

Made up of the talocrural and talocalcaneal joint
Talocrural joint - Synovial hinge jnt formed between the medial malleolus of tibia, lateral malleolus of fibula and talus of foot
Talocalcaneal joint - between talus and calcaneus (aka subtalar jnt)

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14
Q

Name the movements enabled by the ankle joint

A

Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion - both via talocrural
Very slight eversion and inversion via subtalar jnt

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15
Q

Name the groups of bones forming the foot

A

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (prox, intermed and dist)

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16
Q

Name the tarsal bones

A

Talus, calcaneus - prox row
Navicular - intermediate row
Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform, cuboid - distal row

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17
Q

What do the three cuneiform bones articulate with?

A

Medial 3 metatarsals, cuboid, navicular

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18
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the pelvic girdle

A

Glute max, med, min

Tensor fascia latae

19
Q

Name the deep muscles of the pelvic girdle

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
quadratus femoris

20
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior component of thigh

A

Quadriceps
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliopsoas

21
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior component of the thigh

22
Q

What is the Trendelenburg sign?

A

A dropping of the pelvis opposite to the affected side when they stand on the affected leg
Shows a weakness in the hip abductors

23
Q

Name the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Adductor longus, brevis and magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus

24
Q

name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

25
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

26
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular n

27
Q

What artery supplies the anterior muscles of the leg

A

Anterior tibial a

28
Q

Name the arches in the foot

A

Medial and lateral longitudinal arches

Transverse arch

29
Q

Which bones in the foot help form the arches in the foot?

A

Transverse - cuneiforms and cuboid
Medial - 1st metatarsal, navicular, talus
Lateral - 4th metatarsal, cuboid, calcaneus

30
Q

Name the functions of glute max

A

Extensor of thigh

Lateral rotation

31
Q

Origins and insertion of glute max

A

Origin: sacrum, ileum, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

32
Q

Innervation of glute max

A

Inferior gluteal n

33
Q

Glute medius insertions and origin

A

Origin: Gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter

34
Q

Glute minimus origin and insertion

A

Origin: deeper and inferior to glute med on the ilium
Insertion: anterior surface of greater trochanter

35
Q

Glute medius and minimus innervation

A

Sup gluteal n

36
Q

Functions of glute medius and minimus

A

Abduction and medial rotation

Stabilisation of pelvis

37
Q

Origin and insertion of tensor fascia latae

A

Origin: ASIS
Insertion: iliotibial tract

38
Q

Function of tensor fascia latae?

A

Same as glute med and min

39
Q

Innervation of tensor fascia latae?

A

Sup gluteal n

40
Q

Origin and insertion of iliopsoas

A

Origin: meriging of the iliacus and psoas maj muscles
Insertion: Lesser trochanter femur

41
Q

Functions of iliopsoas

A

Flexion and lateral rotation of thigh

42
Q

Origin and insertion of sartorius

A

Origin: ASIS
Insertion: medial surface of tibia

43
Q

Function of sartorius

A

Flexion, lateral rotation, weak abduction