Lower limb Flashcards
Name the five ligaments of the hip joint
Ligament of femoral head Transverse acetabular ligament Iliofemoral ligament Ischiofemoral ligament Pubofemoral ligament
Name the movements of the hip joint
Internal and external rotation Flexion Extension Adduction and abduction Circumsduction
Where is the most commonly fractured site on the femur?
Neck - is at 126 degrees to the shaft for a larger ROM
What muscles insert into the greater trochanter of the femur?
Glute minimus and medius
Piriformis
Obturator internus and externus
Superior and inferior gemelli
What muscles insert into the lesser trochanter of the femur?
Iliopsoas
Part of adductor magnus
What is the long ridge running down posterior femur?
Linea aspera
What are the three ridges that form linea aspera and name the muscles that attach to it
Lateral ridge - gluteal tuberosity - glute max
Intermediate ridge - pectineal line - pectineus
Medial ridge - interotrochanteric line - vastus medialis
Name the two articulations in the knee joint and what they are between.
Tibiofemoral articulation - btwn lateral and medial condyles of femur and lateral and medial condyles of tibia.
Patellofemoral articulation - btwn patellar surface and patella
What kind of joint is the knee joint and what movements does it allow?
Synovial hinge joint - flexion and extension.
What is found in between the tibiofemoral articulation?
Medial and lateral menisci - fibrocartilaginous pads
What’s the purpose of menisci?
increase joint stability and shock absorber
Patella is a sesamoid bone formed within which tendon?
Quadriceps femoris
What is the ankle joint?
Made up of the talocrural and talocalcaneal joint
Talocrural joint - Synovial hinge jnt formed between the medial malleolus of tibia, lateral malleolus of fibula and talus of foot
Talocalcaneal joint - between talus and calcaneus (aka subtalar jnt)
Name the movements enabled by the ankle joint
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion - both via talocrural
Very slight eversion and inversion via subtalar jnt
Name the groups of bones forming the foot
Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (prox, intermed and dist)
Name the tarsal bones
Talus, calcaneus - prox row
Navicular - intermediate row
Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform, cuboid - distal row
What do the three cuneiform bones articulate with?
Medial 3 metatarsals, cuboid, navicular
Name the superficial muscles of the pelvic girdle
Glute max, med, min
Tensor fascia latae
Name the deep muscles of the pelvic girdle
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
quadratus femoris
Name the muscles in the anterior component of thigh
Quadriceps
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliopsoas
What nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior component of the thigh
Femoral n
What is the Trendelenburg sign?
A dropping of the pelvis opposite to the affected side when they stand on the affected leg
Shows a weakness in the hip abductors
Name the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh
Adductor longus, brevis and magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg
Tibialis anterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
What nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular n
What artery supplies the anterior muscles of the leg
Anterior tibial a
Name the arches in the foot
Medial and lateral longitudinal arches
Transverse arch
Which bones in the foot help form the arches in the foot?
Transverse - cuneiforms and cuboid
Medial - 1st metatarsal, navicular, talus
Lateral - 4th metatarsal, cuboid, calcaneus
Name the functions of glute max
Extensor of thigh
Lateral rotation
Origins and insertion of glute max
Origin: sacrum, ileum, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract
Innervation of glute max
Inferior gluteal n
Glute medius insertions and origin
Origin: Gluteal surface of ilium
Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter
Glute minimus origin and insertion
Origin: deeper and inferior to glute med on the ilium
Insertion: anterior surface of greater trochanter
Glute medius and minimus innervation
Sup gluteal n
Functions of glute medius and minimus
Abduction and medial rotation
Stabilisation of pelvis
Origin and insertion of tensor fascia latae
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Function of tensor fascia latae?
Same as glute med and min
Innervation of tensor fascia latae?
Sup gluteal n
Origin and insertion of iliopsoas
Origin: meriging of the iliacus and psoas maj muscles
Insertion: Lesser trochanter femur
Functions of iliopsoas
Flexion and lateral rotation of thigh
Origin and insertion of sartorius
Origin: ASIS
Insertion: medial surface of tibia
Function of sartorius
Flexion, lateral rotation, weak abduction