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MSK - Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Label all parts of the scapula

A

A = Acromion

B = Coracoid process

C = Infraspinatus fossa

D = Supraspinatus fossa

E = Medial border

F = Lateral border

G = Glenoid cavity (at lateral angle)

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2
Q

The 4 rotator cuff muscles are

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapualris

SITS

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3
Q

Painful arc degrees

A

60-120

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4
Q

Axillary nerve injury presents how? What common injury type is this associated with?

A

Regimental badge area numbness & anterior shoulder dislocation

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5
Q

From “top to bottom” the brachial nerves are….

A

(lateral pectoral at very top)

  • Musculocutaneous
  • Axillary
  • Radial
  • Median
  • Ulnar
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6
Q

External rotation of the shoulder is commonly lost in adhesive capsulitis. True/false?

A

True

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7
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve supplies which arm compartment?

A

Anterior

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8
Q

Radial nerve supplies which arm compartment?

A

Posterior

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9
Q

Which nerve is particularly at risk in humeral shaft fractures?

A

Radial nerve (axillary is higher up; anterior shoulder dislocation)

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10
Q

Radial nerve damage will present with which clinical sign?

A

Wrist drop

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11
Q

The humero-ulnar joint is between which structures?

A

Trochlea and olecranon

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12
Q

Which joint of the elbow enables pronation and supination?

A

Radio-capitellar joint

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13
Q

The extensor origin of the elbow is which site?

A

Lateral epicondyle

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14
Q

Lateral epicondylitis is AKA…

A

Tennis elbow

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15
Q

Medial epicondylitis is AKA

A

Golfer’s elbow

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16
Q

The common flexor origin of the forearm is where?

A

Medial epicondyle of elbow

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17
Q

Supracondylar fractures of elbow present a risk of damage to which structures?

A

Median nerve & brachial artery

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18
Q

Anterior forearm is all innervated by which nerve?

A

Median (EXCEPT FCU and ulnar half of FDP which are ulnar)

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19
Q

The anatomical snuff box is commoly lost in which type of fracture?

A

Scaphoid

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20
Q

Of the hand, which muscles are median nerve innervated?

A

The “LOAF” muscles:

  • Lateral two lumbricals
  • Opponens pollicis
  • Abbductor pollicis brevis
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
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21
Q

PIP joint flexion and DIP hyperextension describes which type of deformtiy of the finger?

A

Boutonniere’s

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22
Q

Describe “Swan necking” abnormality with anatomical terms

A

DIP in flexion, PIP in hyperextension

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23
Q

Fromment’s test assess which nerve?

A

Ulnar nerve

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24
Q

Label the wrist structures

A

A = Triquetrum

B = Hamate

C = Capitate

D = Trapezoid

E = Trapezium

F = Scaphoid

G = Lunate

H = Ulna

I = Radius

J = Pilsiform

K = 1st metacarpal

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25
Q

Median nerve function can be tested how? (2)

A

1) Testing opposition of thumb under resistance
2) Making an “OK” sign with first finger and thumb (uses FDL + FDP)

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26
Q

What’s a test for painful arc syndrome?

A

Hawkins-Kennedy

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27
Q

What’s the difference between Bankart & Hill-Sachs lesions?

A

Both result from anterior shoulder dislocation but Bankart only involves the labrum while Hill-Sachs involves the labrum AND the humeral head

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28
Q

Cubital Nerve Syndrome is caused by compression of which nerve?

A

Ulnar

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29
Q

Describe the EXTRINSIC muscles of the shoulder (4)

A

1) Deltoid
2) Trapezium
3) Pectoralis major
4) Latissimus dorsii

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30
Q

Which sign is associated with POSTERIOR shoulder dislocation on x-ray?

A

Light-bulb sign

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31
Q
A
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32
Q

Label the joints of the upper limb

A

A: AC joint

B: Glenohumeral joint

C: Humeroulnar joint

D: Radiohumeral joint

E: Proximal radioulnar joint

F: Radiocarpal joint

G: Distal radioulnar joint

H: Sternoclavicular joint

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33
Q

What is the major abductor of the arm - supraspinatus or deltoid?

A

Supraspinatus does the first 15 degrees, deltoid does the rest

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34
Q

How many degrees can the thumb rotate?

A

90

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35
Q

During supination / pronation of the forearm, which bone moves over which?

A

Radius moves over ulna

36
Q

What kind of joint is the 1st MCP joint?

A

Saddle

37
Q

What kind of joint if the 5th MCP joint (pinky)?

A

Condyloid

38
Q

What is the trapezius innervated by? Where does it attach to? What movement does it allow?

A

Innervation = CN XI

Attached to C-spine

Allows scapular rotation

39
Q
A
40
Q

Which muscle allows the scapula to be elevated?

A

Rhomboids

41
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

42
Q

Where do the SITS muscles attach to? (2)

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus and Teres Minor all attach to the greater tuberosity of the humerus.

Subscapularis attaches to the lesser tuberosity.

43
Q

The coracoid proces is present anteriorly/ posteriorly?

A

Posteriorly

44
Q

Where does subscapularis attach to?

A

Coracoid process

45
Q

Where does supraspinatus and infraspinatus attach to (not tuberosity)?

A

Acromion process

46
Q

What are the anterior arm muscles? What are they innervated by? Major actions?

A

Muscles: biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis. (“BBC”)

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Action: Flex arm and forearm. Brachaii is also a major supinator of the forearm.

47
Q

What are the muscle(s) of the posterior compartment of the forearm? What is their innervation? What major action(s) do they perform?

A

Muscle: Triceps brachii

Innervation: radial nerve

Actions: Extension of arm and forearm

48
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior forearm compartment (superficial layer)?

A
  • Palmaris Longus
  • Flexor capri radialis
  • Flexor capri ulnaris
  • Pronator teres

(PFPF)

49
Q

What are the muscles of the intermediate and deep layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Middle layer: Flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep layer: Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus.

50
Q

Describe the innervation of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

All median nerve except for flexor capri ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum superficialis which are ulnar nerve.

51
Q

Label the muscles of the anterior arm? What nerve supplies them?

A

A = Biceps brachaii

B = Brachialis

C = Coracobrachialis

All musculocutaneous nerve.

52
Q

Label the muscles of the anterior forearm (superficial layer)

A

A = Pronator teres

B = Flexor capri radialis

C = Palmaris Longus

D= Flexor carpi ulnaris

53
Q

Label this muscle of the anterior forearm (middle layer). What is its nerve innervation?

A

A = Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Nerve: Median except for the medial half which is ulnar.

54
Q

Label these muscles of the deep-layer of the anterior forearm. What is their innervation?

A

A: Flexor Pollicis Longus

B: Flexor Digitorum Profundus

C: Pronator Quadratus

All median nerve

55
Q

What are the main functions of the anterior compartment of the forearm (actions)?

A

Flexion of the wrist and digits, pronation, abduction and adduction of the wrist.

56
Q

Label the muscles of the posterior forarm (superficial layer). What nerve(s) innervate these muscles?

A

A: Brachioradialis

B: Anconeus

C: Extensor carpi radialis longus

D: Extensor digitorum

E: Extensor carpi radialis brevis

F: Extensor carpi ulnaris

G: Extensor digiti minimi

All radial nerve

(“Big Chocolate Chips And Double DIp Cherries”)

57
Q

Label these muscles of the deep layer of the posterior forearm compartment? Which nerve are they innervated by?

A

A: Supinator

B: Abductor pollicus longus

C: Extensor pollicis longus

D: Extensor pollicis brevis

E: Extensor indicis

All radial nerve

(“Syrup and Peanuts Preferably Included”)

58
Q
A
59
Q

What are the thenar muscles? What is their nerve supply?

A

lOAF muscles (Opponens policis, Flexor pollicis brevis, Abductor pollicis brevis) - recurrent branch of the median nerve

60
Q

What are the muscles of the hypothenar eminence? What is their nerve innervation?

A

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi.

All innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve

61
Q

How many lumbricals are there? What is the innervation?

A

4 lumbricals, innervation:

Medial 2 = ulnar nerve

Lateral 2 = median nerve

62
Q

What action do the DAB and PAD interossei take? What is their innervation?

A

DAB = abduction

PAD = adduction

(of digits)

Nerve = All ulnar nerve

63
Q

The brachial plexus extends from which vertebral levels?

A

C5-T1

64
Q

What structure do the cords of the brachial plexus travel around?

A

Brachial artery

65
Q

Label the nerves of the brachial plexus

A

A: Musculocutaneous (C5)

B: Axillary (C6)

C: Radial (C7)

D: Median (C8)

E: Ulnar (T1)

66
Q

Label the divisions/segments of the brachial plexus

A

A: Roots

B: Trunks

C: Divisions

D: Cords

E: Nerves

(Really Tired, Drink Coffee Now)

67
Q

Label the accessory brachial plexus nerves

A

A: Lateral pectoral nerve

B: Suprascapular nerve

C: Dorsal scapular nerve (rhomboid muscles, levator scapulae)

D: Long thoracic nerve (serratus anterior)

68
Q

Label the brachial plexus as shown

A

A: Radial nerve

B: Axillary nerve

C: Posterior cord

D: Coracobrachialis

E: Biceps Brachaii

F: Triceps brachaii

69
Q

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

A
  • Flexor digitorum superficialis (x4)
  • Flexor digitorum profundus (x4)
  • Flexor pollicis longus (x1)
  • Median nerve
70
Q

What are the signs of carpal tunnel?

A

Weakness in thenar muscles + numbness in digits 1-3 and lateral half of digit 4

71
Q

The superficial palmar arch is mostly supplied by which artery?

A

Ulnar artery

72
Q

The deep palmar arch is supplied mostly by which artery?

A

Radial artery

73
Q

When does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

1st rib

74
Q

What are the 3 scapular anastamoses?

A

1) Suprasapcular
2) Dorsal scapular
3) Circumflex

75
Q

What are the static stablisers of the shoulder?

A

Capsule & labrum

76
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocation is assoicated with what damage

A

Axillary neve (regimental badge injury)

77
Q

How is adhesive capsulitis treated?

A

Injection of steroid into glenohumeral joint

78
Q

What is a Monteggia fracture

A

GRIMUS:

Galeazzi - Radius Inferior.

Monteggia - Ulna Superior.

GRUsome MURder

Galeazzi Radius break with Ulnar Dislocation and Montegia Ulnar break with Radial Dislocation

79
Q

What nerve innervates the TIPS of the first 3 digits + lateral half of the 4th

A

Median

80
Q

Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial-half of 4th and entire 5th digit?

A

Ulnar

81
Q

What nerve supplies sensory innervation to the thenar skin?

A

Radial

82
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the hypothenor eminence?

A

Ulnar

83
Q

How would you test radial-nerve function?

A

Ask patient to extend/ flex wrist

84
Q

How would you test the function of the median nerve (test)

A

Oppose pinky + thumb

85
Q

How would you test for a functional ulnar nerve?

A

Ask patient to abduct all fingers

MSK - Anatomy (15 decks)

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