UPPER LIMB Flashcards
____ connects the upper limb to the trunk
Clavicle
Which vessels supply the upper limb with veins and arteries?
Subclavian vessels
Nerves that supply the upper limb are
Brachial plexus
Clinical:
What happens when the Clavicle is fractured?
- Medial end is pulled up by SCM (sternocleidomastoid)
- Lateral end is pulled down by body weight
Largest bone in upper limb
- Articulates with the scapula at the glenohumeral joint,
and the radius and ulna at the elbow joint
Humerus (arm bone)
What are the Fracture types of Humerus ?
SMSM
S- Surgical neck
M- Midshaft
S- Supracondylar
M- Medial Epicondyle
During a fracture, What nerve is damaged at the surgical neck of the Humerus?
- Axillary
- Posterior circumflex humeral
artery
During a fracture, What nerve is damaged at the Midshaft of the Humerus?
- Radial Nerve
- Profunda brachii artery
During a fracture, What nerve is damaged at the Supracondylar of the Humerus?
- Brachial artery
- median nerve
During a fracture, What nerve is damaged at the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus?
- Ulnar nerve
- Ulnar collateral artery
What types of fractures are associated with the Radius?
- Colle’s
- Smith
- Upper end of radius
Features of Colle’s fracture (Radius)
- Lower end of radius displaced dorsally
- Dinner fork deformity
- Fall outstretched hand (FOOSH)
Features of Smith’s fracture (Radius)
- Lower end of radius displaced ventrally
- Fall on flexed hand
In Smith’s fracture, which artery and nerve is affected
- Radial artery
- Median nerve
Name the common fractures in the Metacarpals and Phalanges (hand and finger bones)
- Boxer’s fracture
- Scaphoid fracture
Which hand fracture usually happens at the 5th metacarpal
Boxer’s Fracture
Which hand fracture commonly happens especially due to a fall
Scaphoid fracture
When a person falls, forces are transferred via
scaphoid bone —→radius –→ulnar—→ humerus
During a scaphoid fracture, there’s usually a lunate dislocation. Which nerve is compressed during this location?
Median nerve
List the Articular Surfaces
SAGER -WH
Sternoclavicular Joint
Acromioclavicular Joint
Glenohumeral Joint
Elbow Joint
Radioulnar Joint
Wrist Joint
Hand Joint
What are the ligaments of Shoulder Joint?
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- Fibrous capsule
- Glenohumeral
- Transverse
- Coraco-humeral
Synovial joint for Sternoclavicular Joint____
Saddle
Synovial joint for Acromioclavicular Joint___
Plane
Synovial joint for Glenohumeral Joint___
Ball & Socket
Synovial joint for Elbow joint____
Hinge
Synovial joint for Radioulnar Joint ___
Pivot
Synovial joint for Wrist Joint____
Ellipsoid
Synovial joint for Hand Joint____
Hinge
What are the main ligaments in Elbow joint?
- Radial collateral
- Ulnar Collateral
What is the main clinical correlate in the elbow joint seen in kids?
Pulled elbow
(head of radius comes out from annular ligament)
The Shoulder joint (Glenohumeral) moves in all directions.
True or False
True
The pouch of synovial membrane is known as ____
Bursa
The Bursae of Shoulder Joint is important because____
- Reduces friction caused by muscles and tendons moving against skin and bones
- facilitates movement.
List the 2 Bursae of Shoulder Joint
- Subacromial Bursa/subdeltoid bursa
- Subtendinous bursa of subscapularis
TOPIC: UPPER LIMB MOVEMENTS
What muscles are involved in Shoulder Medial Rotation
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres Major
Subscapularis
Pec Major
What muscles are involved in Shoulder Lateral Rotation
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
What muscles are involved in Arm Ad-duction?
Latissimus Dorsi
Pec Major
Coracobrachialis
Triceps
What muscles are involved in Arm Ab-duction?
Suprascapular (0-15)
Deltoid (15-90)
Serratus Anterior (>90)
What muscles are involved in Arm Extension?
Teres major
Triceps
What muscles are involved in Arm Flexion?
Biceps Brachii
Coracobrachialis
Pec Major
Brachioradialis (weak flexion midpronated)
What muscles are involved in Forearm Extension?
Tricep
What muscles are involved in Forearm Flexion?
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
What muscles are involved in Scapula Elevation?
Trapezius
Levator Scapulae
What muscles are involved in Ad-duction of Scapula?
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major
What muscles are involved in Protraction of Scapula?
Pec Minor
What muscles are involved in Ab-duction of radius while arm is pronated?
Anconeus
Which joint is involved in the pronation and supination of the arm?
Ulnar-radial joint
Which muscle is involved in Forearm Pronation?
Pronator Teres
Pronator Quadratus
Which muscle is involved in Forearm Supination?
Biceps Brachii (strong)
Supinator
Which muscles are involved in Wrist Extension?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Which muscles are involved in Wrist Flexion
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
Which muscles are involved in Wrist Ab-duction?
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Which muscles are involved in Wrist Ad-duction?
Flexor Carpi Ullnaris
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Which muscles are involved in Finger Extension ?
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Digiti Minimi (pinky)
Extensor Pollicis Brevis (thumb)
Extensor Pollicis Longus (thumb)
Extensor Indicis (index)
Which muscles are involved in Finger Flexion?
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (PIPs)
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (DIPs)