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upper and lower limb anatomy > upper limb > Flashcards

upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

what nerve runs close to the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

axillary nerve

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2
Q

what nerve may be damaged by mid-shaft humeral fractures?

A

radial nerve

as runs in radial/spiral groove

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3
Q

what movement is produced by the trapezius muscle?

A

upper fibres elevate scapula
middle fibres retract scapula
lower fibres depress and rotate scapula

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4
Q

action of latissimus dorsi

A

extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus

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5
Q

action of levator scapulae

A

elevation of scapula

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6
Q

action of rhomboid major and minor

A

elevation of scapula

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7
Q

origin of trapezius

A

skull, thoracic and cervical vertebrae

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8
Q

insertions of trapezius

A

clavicle and scapula

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9
Q

origin of latissimus dorsi

A

lower thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

upper anterior humerus

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11
Q

origin of levator scapulae

A

lower thoracic vertebrae

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12
Q

insertion of levator scapulae

A

medial border of scapula

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13
Q

origin of rhomboid minor

A

C7 and T1

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14
Q

insertion of rhomboid minor

A

medial border of scapula

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15
Q

origin of rhomboid major

A

thoracic vertebrae

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16
Q

insertion of rhomboid major

A

medial border of scapula

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17
Q

6 muscles attach scapula to humerus

A 
deltoid 
teres major
teres minor
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
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18
Q

muscles of rotator cuff

A

teres minor
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis

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19
Q

origin of deltoid

A

lateral 1/3 clavicle
acromion
spine of scapula

mnemonic - deltoid helps you carry SACS

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20
Q

insertion of deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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21
Q

actions of deltoid

A

abducts shoulder from 20 degrees onwards (can’t initiate abduction)
flexion and extension of shoulder

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22
Q

what nerve innervates deltoid?

A

axillary nerve

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23
Q

origin of teres major

A

posterior scapula

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24
Q

insertion of teres major

A

anterior humerus

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25
Q

action of teres major

A

medial rotation and adduction of humerus

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26
Q

borders of quadrilateral space

A

superior - teres minor
inferior - teres major
medial - long head triceps
lateral - surgical neck of humerus

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27
Q

what nerve is found in the quadrilateral space?

A

axillary nerve

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28
Q

what 2 muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?

A

deltoid

teres major

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29
Q

origin of supraspinatus

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

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30
Q

insertion of supraspinatus

A

superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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31
Q

origin of infraspinatus

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

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32
Q

insertion of infraspinatus

A

middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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33
Q

origin of teres minor

A

lateral border of scapula

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34
Q

insertion of teres minor

A

inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

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35
Q

origin of subscapularis

A

subscapular fossa of scapula

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36
Q

insertion of subscapularis

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

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37
Q

action of supraspinatus

A

first 20 degrees of abduction at shoulder

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38
Q

action of infraspinatus

A

lateral rotation at shoulder

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39
Q

action of teres minor

A

lateral rotation at shoulder

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40
Q

action of subscapularis

A

medial rotation at shoulder

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41
Q

origins of triceps brachii

A

long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head - posterior humerus, above radial groove
medial - posterior humerus, below radial groove

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42
Q

insertion of triceps brachii

A

olecranon of ulna

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43
Q

action of triceps brachii

A

long head contributes to shoulder extension

extension at elbow

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44
Q

what nerve innervates triceps brachii

A

radial nerve

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45
Q

what is a painful arc?

A

when 60 to 120 degrees abduction is painful

is pathology of supraspinatus tendon

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46
Q

what may be damaged by dislocation of shoulder?

A

axillary artery

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47
Q

axillary nerve injury

A

paralysis of deltoid

altered sensation or numbness of upper lateral arm

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48
Q

radial nerve injury

A

weakness of triceps

so impaired elbow extension

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49
Q

what parts joint at elbow joint?

A

trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna

capitellum of humerus with head of radius

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50
Q

anterior border of axilla

A

pectoralis major and minor

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51
Q

posterior border of axilla

A

subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi

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52
Q

lateral border of axilla

A

upper humerus

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53
Q

medial border of axilla

A

serratus anterior and chest wall

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54
Q

apex of axilla

A

1st ribs, clavicle, scapula

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55
Q

base of axilla

A

skin and fascia

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56
Q

contents of axilla

A

lymph nodes

axillary artery

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57
Q

axillary vein

A

brachial plexus

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58
Q

what artery is the axillary artery a continuation of?

A

subclavian

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59
Q

what artery does the axillary artery become and when does this happen?

A

becomes brachial artery

as crosses teres major

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60
Q

stages of brachial plexus

A 
roots
trunks
divisions
cords
branches
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61
Q

axillary nerve roots

A

C5 and C6

branch of posterior cord

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62
Q

axillary nerve function

A

motor to deltoid and teres major

sensory to upper lateral arm

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63
Q

radial nerve roots

A

C5-T1

posterior cord

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64
Q

radial nerve function

A

motor to triceps and posterior forearm

sensory to arm, forearm and hand

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65
Q

roots of musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5-C7

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66
Q

musculocutaneous nerve function

A

motor to anterior arm

sensory to forearm

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67
Q

median nerve roots

A

C6-T1

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68
Q

median nerve function

A

motor to anterior forearm and thumb muscles

sensory to lateral palm and digits

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69
Q

ulnar nerve roots

A

C8-T1

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70
Q

ulnar nerve function

A

motor to muscles of hand

sensory to median hand and medial digits

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71
Q

muscles of anterior arm

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
coracobrachialis

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72
Q

nerve for muscles of anterior forearm

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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73
Q

origins of biceps brachii

A

long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head - coracoid process of scapula

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74
Q

insertion of biceps brachii

A

radial tuberosity of humerus

75
Q

actions of biceps brachii

A

flexor at elbow and shoulder

supinator of forearm when flexed

76
Q

brachialis origin

A

anterior lower shaft of humerus

77
Q

insertion of brachialis

A

ulnar tuberosity

78
Q

action of brachialis

A

flexor at elbow

79
Q

origin of corachobrachialis

A

coracoid process of scapular

80
Q

insertion of corachobrachialis

A

medial middle humerus

81
Q

action of corachobrachialis

A

weak flexor of shoulder

82
Q

cubital fossa borders

A

medial - pronator teres
lateral - brachioradialis
superior - line between lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus

83
Q

contents of cubital fossa

A

biceps brachii tendon
brachial artery, bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries
median nerve
radial nerve

84
Q

which nerve may be injured by fracture to medial epicondyle of humerus?

A

ulnar nerve

85
Q

movements possible at distal and proximal radioulnar joints

A

pronation

supination

86
Q

movements possible at radiocarpal joint

A

flexion
extension
adduction
abduction

87
Q

innervation of muscles in anterior forearm

A

median nerve
except flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar nerve
and lateral 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus - median nerve

88
Q

muscles of anterior forearm

A 
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor digitorum profundus
flexor pollicis longus
pronator quadratus
89
Q

origin of pronator teres

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

90
Q

action of pronator teres

A

pronator of proximal radioulnar joint

91
Q

origin of flexor carpi radialis

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

92
Q

insertion of flexor carpi radialis

A

radial side of wrist

93
Q

action of flexor carpi radialis

A

flexes and abducts wrist

94
Q

origin of palmaris longus

A

medial epicondyle of humerus

95
Q

insertion of palmaris longus

A

fascia of palm

96
Q

action of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flexion and adduction of wrist

97
Q

action of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexes digits 2-4

98
Q

innervation of flexor digitorum profundus

A

lateral 1/2 median nerve

medial 1/2 ulnar nerve

99
Q

action of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes thumb

100
Q

action of pronator quadratus

A

pronates distal radioulnar joint

101
Q

contents of carpal tunnel

A

4 tendons FDS
4 tendons FDP
tendon FPL
median nerve

102
Q

which vein drains lateral forearm?

A

cephalic

103
Q

which vein drains medial forearm?

A

basilic

104
Q

which veins form axillary vein?

A

basilic as it receives deep veins of arm

cephalic also joins

105
Q

what is the most commonly fractured bone of the hand?

A

scaphoid

106
Q

what muscles are the prime flexors of the wrist?

A

flexor carpi radialis
flexor carpi ulnaris
palmaris longus

107
Q

insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

tendon splits into two slips which insert on either side of middle phalanx of digits 2-5

108
Q

action of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

flexed MCP joints and PIP joints of digits 2-5

109
Q

insertion of flexor digitorum profundus

A

palmar aspect of distal phalanx of digits 2-5

110
Q

action of flexor digitorum profundus

A

only flexor of DIP joint

flexed PIP and MCP joints of digits 2-5

111
Q

insertion of flexor pollicis longus

A

distal phalanx of thumb

112
Q

action of flexor pollicis longus

A

flexes IP joint of thumb

113
Q

muscles of thenar eminence

A

flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

114
Q

insertion of flexor pollicis brevis

A

proximal phalanx of thumb

115
Q

insertion of abductor pollicis brevis

A

proximal phalanx of thumb, lateral aspect

116
Q

insertion of opponens pollicis

A

1st metacarpal

117
Q

innervation of thenar muscles

A

recurrent branch of the median nerve

118
Q

attachments of adductor pollicis

A

3rd metacarpal

proximal phalanx of thumb

119
Q

innervation of adductor pollicis

A

ulnar nerve

120
Q

muscles of hypothenar eminence

A

flexor digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi

121
Q

insertion of flexor digiti minimi

A

proximal phalanx of digit 5

122
Q

insertion of abductor digiti minimi

A

proximal phalanx of digit 5

123
Q

insertion of opponens digiti minimi

A

5th metacarpal

124
Q

innervation of hypothenar muscles

A

deep branch of ulnar nerve

125
Q

origin of lumbricals

A

tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

126
Q

insertion of lumbricals

A

dorsal aspect of proximal phalanges of digits 2-5

127
Q

innervation of lumbricals

A

lateral two by median nerve

medial two by ulnar nerve

128
Q

how many interossei are there?

A

3 palmar interossei

4 dorsal interossei

129
Q

action of interossei

A

palmar interossei adduct the fingers
dorsal abduct the fingers
PAD-DAB
also contribute to extension of fingers at IP joints

130
Q

cutaneous innervation of hand

A

median nerve - palmar surface of lateral hand, palmar surface 3.5 lateral digits, skin over dorsum of distal phalanges of lateral 3.5 digits
ulnar - palmar and dorsal surfaces of medial side of hand and medial 1.5 digits
radial nerve - dorsal surface of lateral side of hand, skin over dorsum of lateral 3.5 digits up to IP joints

131
Q

what region of skin is definitely innervation by median nerve?

A

palmar surface of middle finger

132
Q

what region of skin is definitely supplied by ulnar nerve?

A

medial border of hand

133
Q

what region of skin is definitely supplies by radial nerve?

A

dorsum of hand, lateral aspect

134
Q

dermatomes of upper lateral arm

A

C5

135
Q

dermatome of thumb

A

C6

136
Q

dermatome of middle finger

A

C7

137
Q

dermatome of medial border of hand

A

C8

138
Q

dermatome of medial border of elbow

A

T1

139
Q

which arteries supply the hand?

A

radial and ulnar

both branches of brachial artery

140
Q

superficial palmar arch of hand

A

mostly formed from ulnar artery

smaller contributed from radial artery

141
Q

deep palmar arch

A

largely formed by radial artery

smaller contribution from ulnar artery

142
Q

what do the palmar arches give rise to?

A

metacarpal and digital arteries that supply palm and digits

143
Q

innervation of posterior forearm

A

radial nerve

144
Q

muscles of posterior forearm

A 
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
145
Q

what is the common extensor origin?

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus

146
Q

origin of brachioradialis

A

humerus, proximal to lateral epicondyle

147
Q

insertion of brachioradialis

A

distal radius

148
Q

action of brachiradialis

A

weak flexor of elbow joint

149
Q

insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

2nd metacarpal

150
Q

insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

3rd metacarpal

151
Q

action of ECRL and ECRB

A

extend and abduct wrist

152
Q

action of extensor digitorum

A

extends the digits

153
Q

insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

5th metacarpal

154
Q

action of extensor digiti minimi

A

extends little finger

155
Q

action of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

extends and adducts wrist

156
Q

muscles of deep posterior forearm

A 
supinator
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
157
Q

action of supinator

A

supinates forearm and hand

158
Q

insertion of abductor pollicis longus

A

1st metacarpal

159
Q

insertion of extensor pollicis brevis

A

proximal phalanx

160
Q

insertion of extensor pollicis longus

A

distal phalanx

161
Q

action of extensor pollicis brevis

A

extends MCP joint

162
Q

action of extensor pollicis longus

A

extends IP joint of thumb

163
Q

insertion of extensor indicis

A

dorsum of index finger

164
Q

action of extensor indicis

A

independent extension of index finger

165
Q

what veins does the dorsal venous network of the hand drain into?

A

cephalic vein laterally

basilic vein medially

166
Q

insertions of extensor hood

A

central slip onto middle phalanx

marginal slips onto distal phalanx

167
Q

anatomical snuffbox boundaries

A

EPL tendon medially

EPB and APL tendons laterally

168
Q

floor of anatomical snuffbox

A

scaphoid

169
Q

contents of anatomical snuffbox

A

radial artery

cephalic vein

170
Q

artery supply to posterior forearm

A

ulnar artery

171
Q

what articulates at shoulder joint?

A

glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus

172
Q

tendon of which muscle contributes to stability of shoulder joint?

A

long head of biceps

173
Q

what articulates at elbow joint?

A

trochlea of humerus with trochlea notch of ulnar

capitellum of humerus and radial head

174
Q

what joints are present in elbow joint?

A

medial and lateral collateral ligaments

175
Q

what ligament holds radial head in place?

A

anular ligament of the radius

176
Q

what type of joint is wrist joint?

A

condyloid

177
Q

what type of joint is radioulnar joint

A

pivot

178
Q

what type of joint is the first metacarpal joint?

A

saddle joint

between trapezium and 1st metacarpal

179
Q

what type of joints are MCP joints?

A

condyloid

180
Q

what type of joints are interphalangeal joints?

A

hinge joints

181
Q

what type of joint is the knee joint?

A

hinge joint

182
Q

what type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

hinge joint

183
Q

what articulates at ankle joint?

A

distal ends of tibia and fibula with talus

upper and lower limb anatomy (2 decks)

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