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upper and lower limb anatomy > lower limb > Flashcards

lower limb Flashcards

1
Q

action of muscles of anterior thigh

A

flex thigh at hip joint

extend leg at knee joint

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2
Q

action of muscles of medial thigh

A

adduct thigh at hip joint

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3
Q

action of muscles of posterior thigh

A

extend thigh at hip joint

flex leg at knee joint

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4
Q

iliotibial band is thickening of what muscle

A

tensor fascia lata

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5
Q

roots of femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

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6
Q

muscles of anterior thigh

A

quadriceps femoris
sartorius
iliopsoas
pectineus

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7
Q

innervation of anterior thigh muscles

A

femoral nerve

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8
Q

4 muscles of quadriceps femoris

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

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9
Q

insertion of quadriceps femoris

A

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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10
Q

origin of rectus femoris

A

ASIS

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11
Q

action of rectus femoris

A

flexion at hip

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12
Q

insertion of vastus lateralis

A

linea aspera on posterior femoral shaft

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13
Q

insertion of vastus medialis

A

linea aspera

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14
Q

insertion of vastus intermedius

A

anterior femoral shaft

lies deep to rectus femoris

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15
Q

origin of sartorius

A

ASIS

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16
Q

insertion of sartorius

A

medial aspect of proximal tibia

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17
Q

action of sartorius

A

flexes and laterally rotates hip joint

flexes knee joint

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18
Q

insertion of iliopsoas

A

iliacus and psoas major converge via common tendon onto lesser trochanter of femur

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19
Q

action of iliopsoas

A

flexion and lateral rotation of hip

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20
Q

origin of pectineus

A

superior pubic ramus

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21
Q

insertion of pectineus

A

inferior to lesser trochanter of femur

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22
Q

action of pectineus

A

flexion and adduction at hip

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23
Q

muscles of medial thigh

A 
adductor brevis
adductor longus
adductor magnus
gracilis
obturator externus
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24
Q

action of muscles of medial thigh

A

adductors of hip

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25
Q

innervation of muscles of medial thigh

A

obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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26
Q

origin of adductor brevis and longus

A

pubic bone

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27
Q

insertion of adductor brevis and longus

A

linea aspera

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28
Q

what lies between adductor brevis and longus?

A

obturator nerve

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29
Q

origin of adductor magnus

A

adduct part inferior pubic ramus

hamstring part ischial tuberosity

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30
Q

insertion of adductor magnus

A

adductor part linea aspera

hamstring part adductor tubercle

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31
Q

innervation of adductor magnus

A

adductor part by obturator nerve

hamstring part by sciatic nerve

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32
Q

what passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

femoral artery and vein to reach posterior thigh

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33
Q

what muscle is adductor hiatus in?

A

adductor magnus

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34
Q

origin of gracilis

A

pubic bone

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35
Q

insertion gracilis

A

medial tibia

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36
Q

action gracilis

A

weak adductor and flexor of hip

weak flexor of knee

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37
Q

origin of obturator externus

A

external surface of obturator membrane

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38
Q

action of obturator externus

A

stabilises and laterally rotates hip joint

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39
Q

what artery is the femoral artery a continuation of?

A

external iliac

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40
Q

what artery supplies the thigh/

A

profunda femoris, branch of femoral artery

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41
Q

what artery does the femoral artery become and where does this happen?

A

popliteal artery in popliteal fossa

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42
Q

what artery is obturator artery a branch of?

A

internal iliac

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43
Q

what nerve is saphenous a branch of?

A

femoral

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44
Q

borders of femoral triangle

A

lateral - medial border sartorius
medial - lateral border adductor longus
superior - inguinal ligament

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45
Q

floor of femoral triangle

A

iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially

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46
Q

contents of femoral triangle

A

femoral artery
femoral vein - receives great saphenous vein
femoral nerve

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47
Q

what ligaments form greater and lesser sciatic foramina?

A

sacrotuberous

sacrospinous

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48
Q

superficial gluteal muscles

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata

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49
Q

origin gluteus maximus

A

posterior ileum
sacrotuberous ligament
sacrum

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50
Q

insertion gluteus maximus

A

iliotibial tract

some to gluteal tuberosity

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51
Q

action of gluteus maximus

A

extensor of hip
helps us stand from sitting
lateral rotator of hip
stabilises knee joint

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52
Q

origin gluteus medius and minimus

A

anterior part of posterior surface of ilium

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53
Q

insertion gluteus medius and minimus

A

greater trochanter of femur

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54
Q

action of gluteus medius and minimus

A

abduct and medially rotate hip

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55
Q

origin tensor fascia lata

A

ASIS

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56
Q

insertion tensor fascia lata

A

iliotibial tract which inserts onto proximal tibia

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57
Q

action tensor fascia lata

A

stabilises knee joint when extended

flexes hip joint

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58
Q

innervation gluetus maximus

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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59
Q

innervation gluteus medius and minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve

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60
Q

innervation tensor fascia lata

A

superior gluteal nerve

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61
Q

deep gluteal muscles

A

piriformis
superior and inferior gemelli
obturator internus
quadratus femoris

62
Q

insertion of deep gluteal muscles

A

greater trochanter of femur

63
Q

origin piriformis

A

anterior sacrum

64
Q

what foramen does piriformis pass through

A

greater sciatic

65
Q

insertion piriformis

A

greater trochanter femur

66
Q

what nerves does sciatic divide into in posterior thigh?

A

tibial and common peroneal

67
Q

posterior thigh muscles

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris
hamstring part adductor magnus

68
Q

hamstring muscles

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
long head biceps femoris

69
Q

origin hamstring muscles

A

ischial tuberosity

70
Q

action hamstring muscles

A

extend hip

flex knee

71
Q

innervation hamstring muscles

A

tibial nerve

72
Q

insertion semimebranosus and semitendinosus

A

medial aspect of proximal tibia

73
Q

insertion biceps femoris

A

head of fibula

74
Q

origin short head biceps femoris

A

linea aspera

75
Q

innervation short head biceps femoris

A

common peroneal nerve

76
Q

action short head biceps femoris

A

flexes knee

does not move hip joint

77
Q

origin hamstring part adductor magnus

A

ischial tuberosity

78
Q

insertion hamstring part adductor magnus

A

adductor tubercle of femur

79
Q

innervation hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

tibial nerve

80
Q

action hamstring part of adductor magnus

A

extends hip

does not move knee

81
Q

arteries that supply gluteal muscles

A

superior and inferior gluteal arteries
branches of internal iliac
enter gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen

82
Q

roots of sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3

83
Q

what does tibial nerve innervation?

A

muscles posterior thigh and posterior leg

84
Q

what does common peroneal nerve innervated?

A

muscles of anterior and lateral leg

85
Q

boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

superomedial - semimebranosus and semitendinosus
superolateral - biceps femoris
inferomedial and inferolateral - two heads gastrocnemius

86
Q

what does popliteal artery bifuracte into?

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

which supply the leg

87
Q

what branches does common peroneal nerve become?

A

superficial peroneal - lateral leg

deep peroneal - anterior leg

88
Q

midfoot

A

navicular
cuboid
cuneiforms

89
Q

hindfoot

A

talus

calcaneus

90
Q

forefoot

A

metatarsals

phalanges

91
Q

at what joint does inversion and eversion of foot occur?

A

subtalar

92
Q

what forms subtalar joint?

A

articulation of talus with calcaneum and navicular

93
Q

muscles of anterior leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus

94
Q

insertion tibialis anterior

A

medial cuneiform

95
Q

action tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

96
Q

innervation of muscles of anterior leg

A

deep peroneal nerve

97
Q

insertion extensor hallucis longus

A

distal phalanx of big toe

98
Q

action extensor hallucis longus

A

extends big toes

dorsiflexes foot at ankle

99
Q

insertion extensor digitorum longus

A

distal phalanges toes 2-5

100
Q

action extensor digitorum longus

A

extend toes

dorsiflexion foot

101
Q

muscles of lateral leg

A

peroneus longus

peroneus brevis

102
Q

origin muscles of lateral leg

A

fibula

103
Q

action muscles of lateral leg

A

evert foot at subtalar joint

104
Q

innervation muscles of lateral leg

A

superficial peroneal nerve

105
Q

insertion peroneus longus

A

plantar surface medial cuneiform

106
Q

insertion peroneus brevis

A

base 5th metatarsal

107
Q

artery to anterior leg

A

anterior tibial

108
Q

what artery does anterior tibial become and where?

A

dorsalis pedis

once it enters dorsum of foot

109
Q

artery to lateral leg

A

fibular artery

branch of posterior tibial

110
Q

which 2 superficial veins drain the foot?

A

great saphenous - medially to femoral vein

small saphenous - laterally up posterior leg to popliteal vein

111
Q

what nerve innervates extensor digitorum brevis?

A

deep peroneal nerve

112
Q

nerve supply to muscles of posterior leg

A

tibial nerve

113
Q

superficial muscles of posterior leg

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

114
Q

what do superficial muscles of leg all insert onto?

A

calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

115
Q

origin of gastrocnemius

A

via two heads from distal femur

116
Q

action gastrocnemius

A

plantarflexion of ankle

flexion of knee

117
Q

origin soleus

A

soleal line on posterior tibia

118
Q

action soleus

A

compresses deep veins of leg for venous return

119
Q

deep muscles of posterior leg

A

popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus

120
Q

action of popliteus

A

small degree of rotation of knee

when knee is flexed popliteus rotates knee before flexion begins

121
Q

action tibialis posterior

A

plantarflexion and inversion of foot

122
Q

insertion flexor hallucis longus

A

distal phalanx of big toe

123
Q

action flexor hallucis longus

A

flexed big toe

plantarflexes foot

124
Q

insertion flexor digitorum longus

A

distal phalanges of toes 2-5

125
Q

action flexor digitorum profundus

A

flexion of toes

plantarflexion of foot

126
Q

nerve supply to muscles in sole of foot

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

terminal branches of tibial nerve

127
Q

what area does posterior tibial artery supply?

A

posterior compartment of leg

sole of foot - bifurcates into medial and lateral plantar arteries

128
Q

what vessels form deep plantar arch of foot?

A

dorsa pedis and lateral plantar arteries

129
Q

nerve supply to skin of foot

A

tibial nerve plantar surface

common peroneal nerve dorsum of foot (and lateral leg)

130
Q

L1 dermatome

A

region over inguinal ligament

131
Q

L2 dermatome

A

upper anterior thigh

132
Q

L3 dermatome

A

medial knee

133
Q

L4 dermatome

A

anteromedial leg

134
Q

L5 dermatome

A

anteromedial leg (inferior to L4)

135
Q

S1 dermatome

A

5th digit/medial side of foot

136
Q

arteries to hip joint

A

profunda femoris gives rise to retinacular arteries that supply femoral head, can be torn by fractures

137
Q

3 ligaments that stabilise hip joint

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

138
Q

what articulates at knee joint?

A

femoral condyles and tibial condyles

139
Q

what are the menisci?

A

C-shaped cartilages that lie on tibial plateaus
wedge shaped, thickest part peripherally and thinnest centrally
deepen tibial condyles for articulation with femoral condyles

140
Q

middle meniscus

A

attached to joint capsule and medial collateral ligament

141
Q

attachments of medial collateral ligament

A

femur to tibia

and medial meniscus

142
Q

attachements of lateral collateral ligament

A

femur to fibula

143
Q

when are the cruciate ligaments taut?

A

when knee if extended

144
Q

attachments anterior cruciate ligament

A

anterior part intercondylar region of tibia

medial aspect of lateral condyle of femur

145
Q

function anterior cruciate ligament

A

prevents tibia moving forward relative to femur

146
Q

attachments posterior cruciate ligament

A

posterior intercondylar area of tibia

lateral medial condyle of femur

147
Q

function anterior cruciate ligament

A

prevents tibia moving posteriorly to femur

148
Q

what bones articulate in ankle joint?

A

distal tibia, distal fibula and talus

149
Q

what is the ankle mortise?

A

socket formed by tibia and fibula for talus

150
Q

what bones articulate in subtalar joint?

A

talus, calcaneus and navicular

upper and lower limb anatomy (2 decks)

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