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Anatomy > Upper Limb > Flashcards

Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the long head of the triceps brachii originate?

A

the infraglenoid tubercule of the scapula

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2
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps brachii originate?

A

Supraglenoid tubercule of the scapula

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3
Q

The clavicle articulates with which part of the scapula?

A

The acromion

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4
Q

The greater tubercule of the humerus has a superior, middle, and inferior attachment sites. Which muscles attach here?

A

Superior: Suprascapularis
Middle: Infrascapularis
Inferior: Teres minor

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5
Q

Which muscle attaches to the lesser tubercule of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

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6
Q

The lateral, floor, and medial lips of the humerus serve as attachment sites for which muscles?

A

Lateral: pectoralis major
Floor: Lat Dorsi
Medial: Teres major

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7
Q

The rotator cuff is comprised of 4 muscles that surround the glenohumeral joint, supporting the shoulder. What are the 4 muscles and their attachment sites?

A

Suprascapularis: Superior portion of the greater tubercule of the humerus
Infrascapularis: Medial portion of the greater tubercule of the humerus
Teres minor: Inferior portion of the greater tubercule
Subscapularis: Less tubercule of the humerus

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8
Q

Which muscle attaches the scapula and clavicle to the trunk?

A

Trapezius

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9
Q

Which muscle attaches the scapula and clavicle to the humerus?

A

The deltoid

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10
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the trapezius

A

Origin is the external occipital protuberance and spinal processes from c1 all the way to t12.
Insertion is at the spine of the scapula and the posterior clavicle

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11
Q

What is the function of the trapezius

A 
"Trap controls the scap" 
Elevator of the scapula 
Rotate the scapula during abduction 
Retract scapula 
Depress scapula
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12
Q

Which nerve innervates the trapezius

A

Accessory nerve (11) and the anterior rami of the cervical nerves C3 and C4

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13
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the deltoid

A

Origin is at the spine of the scapula, the acromion, and clavicle
The insertion is the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

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14
Q

What is the function of the deltoid

A

Abductor of the arm
Anterior fibers assist in flexing
Posterior fibers assist in extending

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15
Q

Which nerve innervates the deltoid?

A

The axillary nerve (from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus)

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16
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the levator scapulae

A

Origin is the transverse process of C1 to C6 vertebrae.

Insertion is at the posterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

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17
Q

Which nerve innervates the levator scapulae?

A

The dorsal scapular nerve and directly from C3 and C4.

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18
Q

What is the function of the levator scapulae

A

Elevate the scapula

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19
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rhomboid minor

A

Origin is the spinous process of C7 and T1

Insertion is at the medial border of the scapula

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20
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the rhomboid major?

A

Origin is the spinous process of T2 to T5

The insertion is at the scapula from the medial border to the inferior angle

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21
Q

Which nerve innervates the rhomboid muscles?

A

The dorsal scapular nerve

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22
Q

What is the function of the rhomboid muscles?

A

Elevate and retract the scapula

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23
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Origin is in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion is at the superior facet of the greater tubercule of the humerus

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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Origin is in the infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion is at the middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

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25
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the teres minor muscle?

A

Origin is the posterior surface of the scapula, just adjacent to the lateral border.
Insertion is at the inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus.

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26
Q

Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

A

The suprascapular nerve (from lateral cord)

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27
Q

Which nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

A

The suprascapular nerve (from the lateral cord)

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28
Q

Which nerve innervates teres minor?

A

The axillary nerve (from lateral cord)

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29
Q

What is the function of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Abduction of the arm

30
Q

What is the function of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Laterally rotates the humerus

31
Q

What is the function of the teres minor muscle?

A

Laterally rotate the humerus

32
Q

Which 2 muscles function in lateral rotation of the humerus?

A

Infraspinatus and teres minor

33
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the teres major muscle?

A

The origin is the posterior aspect of the scapula and it inserts at the medial lip on the anterior humerus.

34
Q

What is the function of the teres major?

A

Medial rotation of the humerus

Extension of the humerus

35
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the long head of triceps brachii?

A

Origin is the infraglenoid tubercule of the scapula.

The insertion is at the olecranon of the ulna.

36
Q

What is the function of the triceps brachii?

A

Primary extensor of the forearm but it can also extend and adduct the humerus.

37
Q

What nerve innervates the triceps brachii?

A

The radial nerve

38
Q

What nerve innervates the teres major muscle?

A

Inferior subscapular nerve

39
Q

What structures make the borders of the quadrangular space?

A

Humerus
Teres minor
Teres major
Long head of tricep

40
Q

Which structures pass through the quadrangular space?

A

The axillary nerve, the posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein

41
Q

What structures make the borders for the triangular space?

A

Teres minor
Long head of brachii
Teres major

42
Q

What passes through the triangular space?

A

Circumflex scapular artery and vein

43
Q

What makes the borders of the triangular interval?

A

Teres major
Long head of brachii
Shaft of humerus

44
Q

What passes through the triangular interval?

A

The profunda brachii artery and radial nerve

45
Q

Which nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus?

A

The suprascapular nerve which comes from the trunk of the brachial plexus.

46
Q

Which nerve innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles as well as has a cutaneous branch?

A

The axillary nerve

47
Q

Which artery supplies the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles?

A

The suprascapular artery which branches from the subclavian/thyrocervical trunk

48
Q

Which artery passes through the quadrangular joint and supplies the humerus?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery. The axillary nerve is also in this area.

49
Q

Which artery passes through the triangular space and forms anastomotic connections with other arteries in the posterior scapular region?

A

Circumflex scapular artery (a branch of the subscapular artery)

50
Q

What are the origins and insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

Origins are the clavicular head and the sternocostal head

The insertion is on the lateral lip of the intertubercule sulcus humerus

51
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis major?

A

Flexion, adduction, and medially rotation of the arm at the shoulder joint.
The clavicular head flexes the arm from an extended position and the sternocostal head extends the arm from a flexed position

52
Q

What innervates the pectoralis major?

A

The medial and lateral pectoral nerves from the brachial plexus

53
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

The origin is ribs 3,4,5 and the insertion is on the coracoid process of the scapula.

54
Q

What is the function of the pectoralis minor?

A

Protracts the scapula (pulls it forward, anteriorly)

55
Q

What innervates the pectoralis minor?

A

The medial pectoral nerve from the brachial plexus.

56
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

The origin is the lateral surfaces of the first 8-9 ribs. The insertion is the medial border of the scapula.

57
Q

What is the function of the serratus anterior?

A

Protraction and rotation of the scapula

58
Q

Which nerve innervates the serratus anterior?

A

The long thoracic nerve from the roots of the brachial plexus

59
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the subscapularis?

A

The origin is the subscapular fossa and the insertion is the lesser tubercule of the humerus.

60
Q

What is the function of the subscapularis?

A

Medial rotation of the humerus

61
Q

Which nerves innervate the subscapularis?

A

The superior and inferior subscapular nerves

62
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

the origin is the spinal process of lower 6 throacic vertebrae. The insertion is the floor of the intertubercule sulcus of the humerus

63
Q

Which nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

A

The thoracodorsal nerve

64
Q

Which artery is the branch of the first part of the axillary artery?

A

Superior thoracic artery

65
Q

which arteries branch from the second part of the axillary artery?

A

thoraco-acromial artery and lateral thoracic artery

66
Q

which arteries branch from the third part of the axillary artery?

A

subscapular artery, anterior circumflex humeral artery, and posteror circumflex humeral artery

67
Q

What regions (4) do the thoraco-acromial artery supply?

A

Deltoid, pectoral, clavicular, and acromial

68
Q

The subscapular artery arises from the third part of the axillary artery. This branches into which arteries?

A

circumflex scapular artery and thoracodorsal artery

69
Q

which artery supplies the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal artery

70
Q

the axillary vein is continuous with what vein?

A

basilic vein. it starts at the inferior aspect of the teres major

Anatomy (6 decks)

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