upper GU malignancies Flashcards
the most frequent GYN CA in US
endometrial cancer
average age of endometrial CA dx
age 61
t/f endometrial cancer incidence is rising
TRUE
hereditary factor for GYN CA
lynch II syndrome
uterus, ovary, breast, colon
main RF for endometrial CA
unopposed estrogen
Obesity, nulliparity, oligomenorrhea, late menopause
how to prevent endometrial CA
establish regular cycles
OCP
avoid estrogen only
avoid obesity
difference between type I and II CA
1: hormone dependent, early stage, good prognosis
2: no hormonal influence, advanced stage, poor prognosis
endometrial cancer pathology
adenocarcinoma
adenoacanthoma
grade 2 endometrial cancer
more solid areas, gland formation still seein
grade 3 endometrial cancer
sheets of CA cells .. hard to determine organ of origin
UPSC
papillary serous tumors of the endometrium
papillary serous tumor looks lsike..
complex epithelium with small papillations
atypia is very high
endometrial CA sx
postmenopausal bleeding
brown discharge
irregular bleeding and spotting
rare signs of dissemination (pain, mass, ascites)
DX endometrial CA
biopsy
U/S
hysteroscopy
D&C
endometrial CA tx
- TAH/BSO staging
- radiation to vaginal cuff
- external radiation
- chemotherapy
- progestational agents
preferred uterine sarcoma tx
TAH/BSO
low grade epithelial ovarian tumors
borderline lesions that are well differentiated
high grade malignancy is
poorly differentiated lesions
where does fallopian tube cancer originate
by the fimbriae
largest tumor volume in omentum
adenocarcinoma of peritoneum
where does adenocarcinoma of peritoneum originate from?
from endometriosis , endosalpingiosis
RF for ovarian cancer
family history frequent ovulation low parity Caucasian high fat low fiber diet talk exposure living in northern country high SES and
pregnancy and breast feeding is protective for ___ due to __
protective for ovarian cancer
due to prolonged progesterone effect
and reduced ovulations
risk of ovarian and breast CA with:
BRCA 1
BRCA 2
Lynch Syndrome
BRCA 1: 40-46% ov, 50-85% breast
BRCA 2: 10-20% ov, breast 40-85%
lynch: 9-12% ova, colon up to 54%, uterine 40-60%
