Upper GI tract Flashcards by Raunak Chandiramani

Q

What are Z lines and T lines?

A

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Q

Label

A

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Q

Label

A

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Q

What is this? Label it.

A

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Q

Label

A

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Q

What is this?

A

Normal dudodenum

Glandular epithelium with goblet cells (intestinal type epithelium)
Villous architecture
villous:crypt ratio of >2:1

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Q

What is this?

A

Epithelium - full of neurtohips

Acute oesophagitis

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Q

What is the commonest cause of oesophagitis

A

GORD

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Q

What are the complications of reflux oesophagitis?

A

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Q

What is Barretts’ oesophagus? What are the 2 types?

A

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Q

What is this?

A

Columnar lined oesophagus

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Q

What is this?

A

columnar lined oesophagus with intestinal metaplasia

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Q

What is this?

A

Barrett’s oesophagus

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Q

What is this sequence?

A

Metaplasia-dysplasia - cancer pathway
LGD: low grade dysplasia
HGD: high grade dysplasia
ACA: adenocarcinoma

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Q

What is adenoma of the oesophagus associated with?

A

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Q

A

Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus

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Q

What is SCC of the oesophagus associated with?

A

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Q

A

SCC of oesophagus - make keratin

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Q

What is the prognosis of oesophageal carcinoma?

A

Q

What is this

A

Oesophageal varices - caused by crirrhosis and portal vein thrombosis

Q

What is gastritis? what are the types?

A

Q

What are the causes of acute gastritis?

A

Q

What are the causes of chronic gastritis?

A

Q

What is this? What causes it? What is the outcome?

A

Q

What is Helicobacter infection associated with? What is cag-A-positive H.pylori?

A

Q

What are the other causes of gastritis?

A

Q

Why should we worry about gastritis?

A

Q

What is this

A

Gastric ulcer.

Q

What are the complications of ulcers?

A

Q

What is this?

A

As in the oesophagus:
intestinal metaplasia in gastric mucosa in response to long term damage
Increased cancer risk

Q

What is this?

A

Gastric epithelial dysplasia

Distinction between metaplasia and cancer: no invasion through basement membrane

Q

What is this

A

Gastric cancer

Bottoms: liver

Q

What are the types of gastric cancers?

A

Q

What are the other 5% of gastric cancers?

A

Q

What is this?

A

Q

What is duodenitis, duodenal ulcer and H.pylori infection?

A

Most commonly caused by H.pylori

Q

A

Q

What are the other pathogens causing duodenal ulcers?

A

Q

A

Giardia lamblia infection

Q

What is this?

A

Dots: lymphocytes

Q

What is going on here?

A

Q

How do we diagnose coeliac disease?

A

Q

What are patients with coeliac disease more likely to get?

A

Q

A

Duodenal MALToma.

Q

T or F

A

NO

Q

A

Villous atrophy, increased epithelial lymphocytes

Q

A

Metabolic disease