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Alimentary > Upper GI > Flashcards

Upper GI Flashcards

1
Q

Hiatus hernia

A

Protrusion of part of stomach into thorax

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2
Q

Oesophageal reflux

A

Reflux of gastric acid into oesophagus

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3
Q

Barrett’s Oesophagus

A

Type of metaplasia that features change from squamous to glandular epithelium, response in some patients to oesophageal reflux.

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4
Q

Autoimmune gastritis

A

Auto-antibodies attack parietal cells and intrinsic factor in stomach.

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5
Q

Bacterial Gastritis

A

Acute and chronic inflammatory response to helicobacter pylori colonisation of stomach

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6
Q

Chemical Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach due to drugs, alcohol or bile reflux

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7
Q

Peptic ulceration

A

Formation of ulcer in oesophagus, stomach or duodenum caused by an unbalanced between acid secretion and strength of mucosal barrier,

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8
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

Malignant tumour of glandular epithelium

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9
Q

Transcoelomic spread

A

Spread of tumour cells within peritoneal cavity

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10
Q

GORD

A

Persistent gastric reflux accompanied by heartburn symptoms

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11
Q

Dysphagia

A

Subjective sensation of difficulty in swallowing foods and/or liquids

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12
Q

Odynophagia

A

Pain with swallowing

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13
Q

Barium Swallow

A

Contrast radiology used to investigate dysphagia when endoscopy is not possible

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14
Q

Manometry

A

Investigation of muscle contraction in the oesophagus used to diagnose motility disorders

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15
Q

Hyper-motility of the oesophagus

A

Contraction is exaggerated, uncoordinated and hypertonic, produces severe episodic chest pain and/or dysphagia. Corkscrew appearance on barium swallow.

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16
Q

Hypo-motility of the oesophagus

A

Oesophagus is dilated and LOS mechanism is dysfunction causing reflux symptoms. Associated with connective tissue disease, diabetes and neuropathy.

17
Q

Achalasia

A

Functional loss of myenteric plexus ganglion cells in distal oesophagus resulting in failure of LOS to relax and functional obstruction of distal oesophagus.

18
Q

Myotomy

A

Surgical operation in which muscles of cardia (LOS) are cut allowing food/liquid to pass into stomach

19
Q

Alarm symptoms in GORD

A

Dysphagia, weight loss, vomiting

20
Q

Fundoplication

A

Surgical procedure in which stomach is wrapped around lower oesophagus, increasing pressure in lower oesophagus and reducing acid reflux.

21
Q

Sliding hiatus hernia

A

Proximal part of stomach slides up and down through hiatus in diaphragm

22
Q

Para-oesophageal hiatus harnia

A

Fundus of stomach moves up through hiatus in diaphragm to lie alongside the oesophagus

23
Q

Oesophagectomy

A

Surgical removal of the oesophagus and replacement with conduit. Treatment of early stage oesophageal cancer.

24
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Group of symptoms including retrosternal pain, pain in upper abdomen, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, bloating, early satiety and heartburn.

25
Q

Red flag symtoms accompanying dyspepsia

A

Anorexia, weight loss, iron deficiency anaemia, recent onset >55yrs, malaena/haematemesis and dysphagia

26
Q

Helicobacter Pylori

A

Gram negative bacteria that colonises the stomach and can be found in the mucosa.

27
Q

Urease

A

Enzyme produced by H. pylori, detected in breath test (converts C13 to C14) or rapid slide urease test

28
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation in gastric mucosa

29
Q

Bariatric Surgery

A

Surgical procedure utilised to reduce weight.

30
Q

Gastric Band

A

silicon band inflated with silicon bands that narrows passage into stomach

31
Q

laparoscopic gastric bypass

A

Food directed straight from opening of stomach to jejunum, reducing absorption of nutrients.

32
Q

laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

A

4/5 of stomach removed, removes hormones secrets by funds controlling hunger impulse and causes early satiety.

33
Q

Tetany

A

Calcium deficiency

34
Q

Oesteomalacia

A

Softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency

Alimentary (3 decks)

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