Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Alimentary > Small Intestine, Large Intestine and Rectum > Flashcards

Small Intestine, Large Intestine and Rectum Flashcards

1
Q

Steatorrhoea

A

Passing of stool that is pale, oily and floats on water. Caused by malabsorption of fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gliadin

A

Fraction of gluten coeliacs are sensitive too

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tropical Sprue

A

Causes folate deficiency, responds to antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Giardia Lamblia

A

Water borne unicellular parasite, causes hypogammaglobulinaemia. Treated with metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Whipples disease

A

Caused by Tropheryma whippelii and presents with weight loss, abdominal pain and malabsorption. Very rare and effects skin, brain, joints and cardiac.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Myenteric Plexus

A

Made up of Meissener’s plexus (base of submucosa) and Auerbach’s plexus (between 2 layers of muscularis propria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

A

Chronic inflammatory condition resulting from inappropriate and persistent activation of the mucosal immune system driven by the presence of normal intra-luminal flora.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Skip lesions

A

Distribution of Crohn’s disease, in which random patches of disease are distributed throughout GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ischaemic Enteritis

A

Ischaemic lesions effecting any section of the small or large bowel due to occlusion of blood vessel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Infarcted bowel

A

Occlusion of coeliac, superior mesenteric or inferior mesenteric leading to large transmural injury in bowel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Radiation Colitis

A

Inflammatory reaction to abnormal irradiation. Impairs proliferation activity of cells in bowel. Mimics IBD in presentation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Appendicitis

A

Acute inflammation of the appendix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adenoma of large bowel

A

Development of polyps in large bowel. Can be tubular, villous or tubulovillous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Colorectal adenocarcinoma

A

Glandular tumour in large bowel, presentation varies depending on left or right sided.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Dukes’ Staging

A

Staging algorithm for colorectal cancer (A-D)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ulcerative Colitis

A

IBD that features continuous inflammation of the rectum and potentially colon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

IBD that features skip lesions of inflammations anywhere in the GI tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anal Crohn’s

A

Formation of fistula due to Crohn’s disease that protrudes out of anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Calprotectin

A

White cell protein in leukocytes of bowel, can be detected in stool test as marker of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sclerosing cholangitis

A

Disease of the bile ducts that causes strictures and can lead to liver cirrhosis. Associated with ulcerative colitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Aminosalicylates (5ASA)

A

Drugs used to induce and maintain remission of IBD

22
Q

Thiopurines

A

Immunosuppressive agents used in induction and maintenance of remission in IBD. Used as steroid sparing agents but have significant side effects too.

23
Q

Ciclosporin

A

IV rescue therapy for IBD

24
Q

Biologics

A

Monoclonal antibodies used the treatment of IBD

25
Q

Infliximab

A

Biologic drug. Anti TNFalpha antibodies used to treat IBD.

26
Q

Pouch procedure

A

Small bowel is mobilised and lengthened to create a false rectum.

27
Q

proctocolectomy

A

Surgical removal of the rectum and most/all of large colon, patient is left with stoma

28
Q

ileostomy

A

Opening made in abdomen during surgery, end is brought through opening to form stoma.

29
Q

Micro-satellite instability

A

Defective DNA repair pathway genes

30
Q

Adjuvant chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapy given post surgery

31
Q

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapy given pre surgery

32
Q

Faecal occult blood test

A

Screening test for colorectal cancer, detects blood in stool

33
Q

Scottish Bowel Screening Programme

A

Patients aged 50-74 invited to do at home FOBT every 2 years. Positive tests invited for colonoscopy.

34
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis

A

Autosomal dominant condition that causes development of multiple adenomas throughout colon. Patients usually undergo prophylactic proctocolectomy before they are 24. Screened annually.

35
Q

HNPCC

A

Autosomal dominant condition featuring mutation in DNA mismatch repair genes, causing patients to develop early onset colorectal cancer. Screened every 2 years.

36
Q

Pancolitis

A

Inflammation from rectum to caecum, bowel is ulcerated with thick wall

37
Q

Toxic mega-colon

A

Advancement of ulcerative colitis, very thin colon wall that is ischemic

38
Q

Diverticular disease

A

Formation of tiny pockets in the lining of the bowel

39
Q

Right hemicolectomy

A

Removal of right sided of colon. Indicated for adenoma, cancer and Crohn’s disease.

40
Q

Sigmoid colectomy

A

Removal of left side of colon.

41
Q

Low anterior resection

A

Removal of rectum, colon joined directly to anal canal.

42
Q

Appendectomy

A

Removal of appendix, requires division of appendiceal artery (branch of ileocolic)

43
Q

Base of appendix

A

Site where the 3 teniae coli running along the large bowel merge.

44
Q

Hirschprung’s myenteric plexus deficiency

A

Congenital condition in which internal anal sphincter is unable to relax and defecation is impossible.

45
Q

Haemorrhoids

A

Disrupted and dilated anal cushions causing painless bleeding.

46
Q

Anal cushions

A

Spongy vascular tissue that lines the anus

47
Q

Prolapsing haemorrhoids

A

Haemorrhoids that are outside the annus

48
Q

Dentate line

A

Point at which anus receives sensory supply (pain line)

49
Q

Anal Fissure

A

Tear in the sensitive skin-lined lower anal canal distal to dentate line

50
Q

Fistula-in-ano

A

Abnormal communication between 2 epithelial surfaces, track communicates between skin and anal canal/rectum

51
Q

Goodsall’s rule

A

States that if anal fistula is anterior then interior opening is in a straight line from external opening but if it is posterior then internal opening is at 6 o’clock position, taking a torturous course.

52
Q

Seton suture

A

Used for anal fistulas, canal filled with collagen.

Alimentary (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions