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Chiroman T2 > upper Gi > Flashcards

upper Gi Flashcards

1
Q

what questions will you ask in Hx for Dysphagia

A

acuity of onset
duration of symptoms
what substances cause it
location of disturbance
drooling/coming out nose

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2
Q

Red flags for Dysphagia

A

acute focal neuro deficit
drooling
inability to swallow anything.
weight loss

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3
Q

imagining for dysphagia

A

barium swallow with solid bolus

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4
Q

chiroman for dysphagia

A

rule out red flags
co-manage

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5
Q

what is achalasia

A

neurogenic motility disorder where lower esophageal sphincter doesn’t relax

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6
Q

what cells are lost in achalasia and what causes it

A

mycenteric cells can be caused by chagas - protozoan parasite

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7
Q

achalsia mc in what age
+ 3 symptoms

A

20-60 years
dysphagia LIQUIDS + SOLIDS
33% nocturnal vomit
chest pain - weight loss

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8
Q

Oesophageal Diverticula

A

out pouching of mucosa through the muscular wall of the oesophagus

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9
Q

how does Oesophageal Diverticula presennt

A

vomit with forward flexion or lying down.
chronic halitosis

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10
Q

Mallory- Weiss Syndrome & how is it caused

A

= non- penetrating laceration (small tear) of the distal oesophagus

vomiting, coughing, hiccups
pregnancy and alcoholics

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11
Q

Boorhave’s Syndrome

A

= complete rupture of the oesophagus
MC in distal esophagus L side

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12
Q

Boorhave’s Syndrome presentation and chiroman

A

chest + abdo pain
violent vomiting

refer out
diagnosed by plain film - mediastinal air, pleural effusion

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13
Q

risk factors for esophageal cancer include

A

smoking
alcohol
HPV
lye

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14
Q

squamous cell carcinoma hallmarks

A

US, ASIA, SOUTH AFRICA
blacks
men
strong link to alcohol

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15
Q

adenocarcinoma hallmarks and what is it linked to

A

whites
linked with barrets esophagus

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16
Q

Esophaheal cancer hallmarks

A

asymptomatic in early days until lumen narrows starts from solid to liquid
chest pain radiating into back
vocal cord ↓

17
Q

diagnosis and chiroman for esophageal
cancer

A

endoscopy if suspected + biopsy
check and adjust tolerance

18
Q

what is GERD

A

acid reflux from stomach due to LES not closing

19
Q

how will GERD present what will patient feel

A

chest burn
can travel to neck, jaw

20
Q

what makes GERD worse

A

positional
diet - fatty/spicy/meds/fast eaters

21
Q

complications of GERD

A

Esophagitis, pneumonia, barretts, ulcer

22
Q

how will you DDX GERD from HD

A

GERD has no relation to physical activity

23
Q

MC type of Hiatus hernia and its symptom

A

sliding they have GERD

24
Q

possible causes of gastritis

A

NSAIDS, alcohol, infection viral (erosive)
infection (H pylori) non - MC in blacks, Spanish, Asian

25
Q

what is peptic ulcer & what causes it

A

erosion of stomach lining due to ↓ mucosa
stomach - gastric
duodenum- duodenal

caused my helicobacter pylori and NSAIDS

26
Q

hallmarks for Gastric ulcer

A

non consistent pain
eating can ↑ pain

27
Q

hallmarks for duodenal ulcer

A

consistent pain
eating ↓ pain
pain mid morning and wakes up at night
happens 2 hours post meal

28
Q

MC complication for peptic ulcer

A

bleeding - in stools
melena

29
Q

when perforation occurs due to complication of peptic ulcer what will the patient present as

A

sudden intense pain
pt lies still doesnt want to move
pain on palpation + no bowel sounds

refer tf out

30
Q

stomach cancer is MC in who and has a strong relationship with what

A

japan, chile, iceland - linked with h pylori

31
Q

what are the symptoms of acute pancreatitis

A

Starts in lower abdomen before localising to upper
radiates from abdo to back 50%
sitting up & leaning forward palliative

32
Q

during an abdo exam for acute pan what will you see

A

grey turner - ecchymosis of flanks
cullens - ecchy of umbilical
distended upper abdo

33
Q

what labs will you order for acute pan

A

amalyse and lipase

34
Q

symptoms for CHRONIC PAN

A

episodic abdo pain
pain in epigastric lasts for hours to days
steatorrhea

35
Q

diagnosis for Chronic pan
#2

A

CT is gold standard
amylase and lipase is normal due to damage

Chiroman T2 (4 decks)

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