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AA Exam 5 (Final) > Upper Extremity/Trunk > Flashcards

Upper Extremity/Trunk Flashcards

1
Q

Scalenes action? Nerve?

A
  • laterally flex neck
  • elevate their respective rib
  • spinal nerves C4-C6
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2
Q

What emerges between anterior and middle parts of the scalnes?

A

The brachial plexus

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3
Q

What could impair the passage of the brachial plexus?

A

muscle hypertrophy

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4
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) action? Nerve?

A
  • sidebending neck/head to same side
  • rotation of head to opposite side
  • accessory nerve
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5
Q
  • What are the muscles of mastication?
  • What do the muscles of mastication do?
  • Nerve?
A
  • large masseter
  • temporalis pterygoid
  • They move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint (close the mouth, clench the teeth)
  • fifth cranial nerve (trigeminal)
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6
Q

What is the strongest jaw muscle?

A

large masseter

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7
Q

What does the temporalis muscle do?

A

assists in elevation of the mandible.

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8
Q

What does the pterygoid muscle do?

A
  • elevate
  • depress, or protract the mandible or slide it from side to side
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9
Q

What is lateral excursion?

A

Movement of the jaw from side to side.

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10
Q

What makes Rectus capitis posterior minor so interesting?

A

Its high density of muscle spindles and its role in proprioception of both the head and cervical spine. Damage may lead to imbalance.

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11
Q

What nerve and artery is in the suboccipital triangle that could lead to headaches?

A
  • suboccipital nerve
  • Vertebral artery
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12
Q

Which muscles are in the superficial layer of the back?

A
  • lats
  • trapezius
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboids
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13
Q

Which muscles are in the intermediate layer of the back?

A
  • splenius capitis
  • splenius cervicis
  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinalis
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14
Q

Which muscles are in the deep layers of the back?

A

transversospinalis

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15
Q

What movements does the superficial layer of the back produce?

A

limb movement

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16
Q

What movements does the deep layer of the back produce?

A

spinal movement and therefore stabilization

17
Q

Posterior serratus superior action?

A

elevates ribs

18
Q

Posterior serratus inferior action?

A

depresses ribs

19
Q
  • rotatores brevis and longus action?
    • Bilateral
    • Unilateral
A
  • bilateral: extension T-spine
  • unilateral: rotation to opposite side
20
Q
  • multifidus action?
    • bilateral?
    • unilateral?
A
  • bilateral: extends spine
  • unilateral: flexes spine to same side, rotates to opposite side
21
Q

semispinalis capitis, cervicis, and thoracis action?

A
  • extends spine and head
  • unilateral: flexes to same side
22
Q

become tight and very painful in FHP

A

splenius capitis and cervicis

23
Q

splenius capitis and cervicus action?

A
  • Lateral flexion w/ slight rotation
  • Together head extension
24
Q

Rectus abdominis action? Nerve?

A

flexes trunk, compresses abdomen thoracic nerve

25
Q

Pyramidalis action? Nerve?

A

tenses linea alba Subcostal nerve

26
Q

External oblique action? bilateral? unilateral?

A

unilateral: flexes trunk to same side, rotates trunk to opposite side bilateral: flexes trunk, compresses abdomen -Branches of 8-12 (thoracic) intercostal -iliohypogastric -ilioinguinal

27
Q

Internal oblique action? Nerve?

A
  • Trunk flexion
  • lateral flexion
  • rotation to the same side
  • thoracic intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal
28
Q

Transversus abdominis action? Nerve?

A
  • unilateral rotates trunk to same side
  • bilateral compresses abdomen
  • thoracic intercostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal
29
Q

Explain how the diaphragm works in inspiration:

A

When it contracts it:

  • pushes downward and spreads out
  • increasing vertical dimension of the chest cavity
  • increases abdominal pressure
  • drives abdominal contents down and out
  • increases the transverse size of the chest cavity
  • pulls the pleura with it
  • lowers pleural pressure
  • alveolar pressure drops
  • air flows into the lungs
30
Q

Explain how the diaphragm works in expiration:

A
  • relaxes and returns to its equilibrium position
  • diaphragm moves a centimeter or two up and down.
31
Q

Diaphragm during exercise:

A
  • becomes an active process
  • the abdominal muscles contract to raise abdominal pressure
  • pushes diaphragm upward
  • forces air out of the lungs
  • moves more than 10 cm
32
Q

Diaphragm innervation:

A

phrenic nerve

33
Q
  • External intercostals action?
  • Inernal intercostals action?
A
  • External intercostals
    • Inspiration
  • Inernal intercostals
    • interchondral portion: inspiration
    • interosseous portion: forced expiration
34
Q

Muscles of deep inspiration:

A
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostals
  • interchondral portion of internal intercostals
  • SCM
  • scaleni
  • serratus posterior
  • superior levatores costarum
  • pectoralis minor
  • trapezius (upper fibers)
  • levator scapulae
  • thoracic spine extensors
35
Q

Muscles of forced expiration:

A
  • interosseous portion of internal intercostals
  • rectus abdominis
  • external and internal oblique abdominis
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • transversus thoracic
  • transverse abdominis
  • quadratus lumborum
36
Q

Suboccipital Triangle muscles:

A
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Obliquus capitis superior
  • Obliquus capitis inferior

AA Exam 5 (Final) (4 decks)

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