Upper Extremity - Prone View

Question 1

1 = ?
2 = ?
3 = ?

UE - Prone

Answer 1

(1) Trapezuis m.

Action:

• Superior fibers: elevation of scapula; superior rotation of scapula (glenoid cavity directed superiorly)
• Middle fibers: retraction (adduction) of scapula
• Inferior fibers: depression of scapula

Origin:

• Occipital bone (superior nuchal line)
• Nuchal ligament
• Vertebra prominens (spinous process of C7 vertebra)
• Spinous processes of T1-12 vertebrae

Insertion:

• Clavicle (lateral)
• Scapula (spine and acromion)

Innervation:

• Accessory nerve (CN XI)

(2) Latissimus dorsi m.

Action:
* Adduction of arm
* Extension of arm
* Medial rotation of arm

Origin:

• Sacral and lumbar spines via thoracolumbar fascia
• Ilium (iliac crest) via thoracolumbar fascia
• Ribs (lower four)
• Spinous processes of T6-12 vertebrae
• Scapula (inferior angle)

Insertion:

• Humerus (floor of intertubercular sulcus)

Innervation:

• Thoracodorsal nerve

(3) Thoracolumbar fascia

Location:

• Back (inferior)
• Description:
• Deep fascia
• Has three layers: anterior, middle, and posterior

Comment:

• Latissimus dorsi attached to posterior layer
• Thoracolumbar fascia invests (surrounds) deep muscles of back and trunk, and is continuous with deep fascia on back of neck.

Question 2

4 = ?
5 = ?
6 = ?
7 = ?

UE - Prone

Answer 2

(4) Splenuis capitis m.

Action:

• Unilateral: rotation of head to same side
• Bilateral: extension of head and neck

Origin:

• Nuchal ligament
• Vertebra prominens (C7 spinous process)
• Spinous processes of T1-3 vertebrae

Insertion:

• Temporal bone (mastoid process)
• Occipital bone (superior nuchal line)

Innervation:

• Dorsal rami of C3-5 spinal nerves

Comment:

• Acts with splenius cervicis m.

(5) Levator scapulae m.

Action:

• Elevation of scapula (e.g., shrugging shoulders)
• Inferior rotation of scapula (directing glenoid fossa inferiorly)
• Lateral flexion of neck (when scapula fixed)

Origin:

• Transverse processes of C1-4 vertebrae

Insertion:

• Scapula (superior angle and medial border)

Innervation:

• Dorsal scapular nerve
• Ventral rami of C3-4 spinal nerves

(6) Rhomboid minor m.

Action:

• Retraction (adduction) of scapula
• Elevation of scapula

Origin:

• Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae

Insertion:

• Scapula (medial border)

Innervation:

• Dorsal scapular nerve

(7) Rhomboid major m.

Action:

• Retraction (adduction) of scapula
• Elevation of scapula

Origin:

• Spinous processes of T2-5 vertebrae

Insertion:

• Scapula (medial border)

Innervation:

• Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 3

8 = ?
9 = ?

UE - Prone

Answer 3

(8) Serratus posterior superior m.

Action:

• Elevation of ribs 2-5

Origin:

• Spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae

Insertion:

• Ribs 2-5 (superior border)

Innervation:

• Ventral rami of T1-3 spinal nerves (intercostal nerves)

(9) Serratus posterior inferior m.

Action:

• Depression of ribs 9-12

Origin:

• Spinous processes of T11-L2 vertebrae

Insertion:

• Ribs 9-12 (Inferior border)

Innervation:

• Ventral rami of T10-11 spinal nerves (intercostal nerves)
• Ventral ramus of T12 spinal nerve (subcostal nerve)

Question 4

10 = ?
11= ?
12 = ?
13 = ?
14 = ?

UE - Prone

Answer 4

(10) Semispinalis capitis m.

Action:

• Unilateral: rotation of head to opposite side
• Bilateral: extension of head and neck

Origin:

• Transverse processes of C7-T6 vertebrae

Insertion:

• Occipital bone

Innervation:

• Cervical spinal nerves (dorsal rami)

(11) Spinlis part of erector spinae m.

Action:

• Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column
• Bilateral: extension of vertebral column

Origin:

• Spinous processes and nuchal ligament

Insertion:

• Spinous processes (cervical and thoracic) and occipital bone

Innervation:

• Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

(12) Iliocostalis part of erector spinae m.

Action:

• Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column
• Bilateral: extension of vertebral column
• Depression of ribs

Origin:

• Common origin and ribs

Insertion:

• Ribs
• Transverse processes (cervical)

Innervation:

• Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

(13) Erector spinae m.

Action:

• Unilateral: lateral flexion and rotation of vertebral column and head
• Bilateral: extension of vertebral column and head

Origin:

• Iliocostalis: common origin and ribs
  Longissimus: common origin
  Spinalis: spinous processes and nuchal ligament

Insertion:

• Iliocostalis: ribs (1-12) and transverse processes (cervical)
• Longissimus: transverse processes (cervical and thoracic), ribs, and mastoid process
• Spinalis: spinous processes (cervical and thoracic) and occipital bone

Innervation:

• Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

(14) Longissimus part of erector spinae m.

Action:

• Unilateral: lateral flexion of vertebral column and rotation of head to same side
• Bilateral: extension of vertebral column and head
• Depresses ribs

Origin:

• Iliac crest
• Dorsal sacrum
• Sacral and lumbar spinous processes
• Supraspinous ligament

Insertion:

• Transverse processes (cervical and thoracic), ribs, and mastoid process

Innervation:

• Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 5

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Question 6

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Question 7

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Question 8

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Question 9

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Question 10

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Question 11

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Question 12

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Question 13

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Question 14

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Question 15

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Question 16

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Question 17

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Question 18

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Question 19

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