Upper Extremity Blocks Flashcards
Contraindications Absolute (4)
patient refusal
anticoagulants + active bldg
allergy to LA
infection @ site
Contraindications Relative (6)
respiratory compromise inability to cooperate/understand anesthetized pt (peds) bleeding d/t genetic d/o septicemia preexisting peripheral neuropathy
Ultrasound benefits vs landmark (3)
anatomic structure
real time needle movement
spread of LA
How much LA?
20 - 40 mL
Amount/type of LA depends on?
patient
timing
procedure
purpose
Cervical Plexus Block
C2 - C4
CPB indications (3)
endarterectomy
superficial neck sx
clavicle
What are the major nerves of the cervical plexus?
transverse cervical
great auricular
lessor occipital
supraclavicular (phrenic?)
CPB provides anesthesia to?
anterolateral neck
anterior and retro auricular areas
anterior chest inferior to clavicle
cervical plexus technique
- patient w/head turned
- transducer midpoint of SCM
- move transducer laterally until posterior edge is identified
- Identify brachial plexus btw ant/middle sm
- cervical plexus located in plane above prevertebral fascia
- needle passed lateral - medial, in-plane, to area btw SCM and prevertebral fascia
- negative aspirate, 5 - 10 mL
what type of LA used for cervical plexus block
low concentration, LA b/c plexus nerves are mainly sensory
adr of cpb
intrathecal injection d/t close proximity of vertebral nerve roots
IV injection to vertebral artery
what rami are included in brachial plexus
c5 - t1
how many roots/trunks/divisions/cords/branches
5/3/6/3/5
name the proximal branches
dorsal scapular
phrenic
long thoracic
name the lateral branches
suprascapular
subclavius
lateral pectoral
name the medial branches
medial pectoral
medial cutaneous arm & FA
name the posterior
upper and lower subscapular
thoracodorsal
shoulder abduction
c5
elbow flexion
c6
elbow extension
c7
finger flexion
c8