Upper Extremity Blocks Flashcards

1
Q

Contraindications Absolute (4)

A

patient refusal
anticoagulants + active bldg
allergy to LA
infection @ site

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2
Q

Contraindications Relative (6)

A
respiratory compromise
inability to cooperate/understand
anesthetized pt (peds)
bleeding d/t genetic d/o
septicemia
preexisting peripheral neuropathy
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3
Q

Ultrasound benefits vs landmark (3)

A

anatomic structure
real time needle movement
spread of LA

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4
Q

How much LA?

A

20 - 40 mL

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5
Q

Amount/type of LA depends on?

A

patient
timing
procedure
purpose

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6
Q

Cervical Plexus Block

A

C2 - C4

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7
Q

CPB indications (3)

A

endarterectomy
superficial neck sx
clavicle

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8
Q

What are the major nerves of the cervical plexus?

A

transverse cervical
great auricular
lessor occipital
supraclavicular (phrenic?)

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9
Q

CPB provides anesthesia to?

A

anterolateral neck
anterior and retro auricular areas
anterior chest inferior to clavicle

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10
Q

cervical plexus technique

A
  1. patient w/head turned
  2. transducer midpoint of SCM
  3. move transducer laterally until posterior edge is identified
  4. Identify brachial plexus btw ant/middle sm
  5. cervical plexus located in plane above prevertebral fascia
  6. needle passed lateral - medial, in-plane, to area btw SCM and prevertebral fascia
  7. negative aspirate, 5 - 10 mL
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11
Q

what type of LA used for cervical plexus block

A

low concentration, LA b/c plexus nerves are mainly sensory

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12
Q

adr of cpb

A

intrathecal injection d/t close proximity of vertebral nerve roots
IV injection to vertebral artery

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13
Q

what rami are included in brachial plexus

A

c5 - t1

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14
Q

how many roots/trunks/divisions/cords/branches

A

5/3/6/3/5

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15
Q

name the proximal branches

A

dorsal scapular
phrenic
long thoracic

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16
Q

name the lateral branches

A

suprascapular
subclavius
lateral pectoral

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17
Q

name the medial branches

A

medial pectoral

medial cutaneous arm & FA

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18
Q

name the posterior

A

upper and lower subscapular

thoracodorsal

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19
Q

shoulder abduction

A

c5

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20
Q

elbow flexion

A

c6

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21
Q

elbow extension

A

c7

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22
Q

finger flexion

A

c8

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23
Q

finger abduction/adduction

A

t1

24
Q

Push evaluates what?

A

radial nerve - innervates triceps

25
Q

Pull evaluates what?

A

musculocutaneous nerve - innervates biceps

26
Q

pinch pinky evaluates what?

A

ulnar nerve

27
Q

pinch index evaluates what?

A

median nerve

28
Q

supraclavicular for what procedures

A

upper arm + hand

29
Q

what level is sc block

A

trunks & divisions

brachial plexus is most compact at this level

30
Q

where are the trunks/divisions found

A

lateral to the subclavian artery, superior to the first rib

31
Q

where is needle inserted for scb

A

lateral to medial towards the inferior aspect of the plexus where the rib and artery meet “corner pocket”

negative aspiration - 5 mL injections

32
Q

ADR for SCB

A

phrenic nerve paralysis
stellate ganglion block
pneumo
arterial puncture

33
Q

ISB

A

root level block

34
Q

ISB uses

A

shoulder and proximal upper arm, suprascapular nerve

35
Q

Where is c5 - c7 found?

A

interscalene groove btw anterior and middle scalene muscles

36
Q

needle approach for ICB

A

flat ( < 1 cm under skin)

37
Q

where do you place your transducer for ISB

A

mid clavicular fossa & move cephalad

38
Q

what size needle/type for ISB

A

5 and B Bevel

5 mL injection up to 30 mL

39
Q

ISB ADR

A
phrenic blockade
stellate ganglion block
LAST
high spinal if dura is pierced
injury to dorsal scapular and long thoracic nerves
40
Q

what is horner’s syndrome

A

ptosis
anhidrosis
miosis

41
Q

where is infraclavicular block

A

cord level

*lateral, posterior, medial all named according to relation to axillary artery”

42
Q

why use ifb

A

good alternative to scb, esp. for COPD patients

43
Q

where is transducer placed for icb

A

saggital plane

perpendicular to the clavicle just medial to the coracoid process

44
Q

what size needle for icb

A

22G. 8 cm in plane
cephalad to caudal
20 - 30 mL of LA around axillary artery

45
Q

what adrs for icb

A

if you move medial - pneumo
thoraco-acromial artery & pectoral veins pass btw pectoral muscles
LAST

46
Q

axillary block directed at??

A
BRANCHES!! 
msc. n
radial
ulnar
median
47
Q

what is axillary block good for

A

procedures below the elbow

48
Q

what sz needle for axillary

A

22 G, 5 cm B bevel

20 - 40 mLs

49
Q

which nerve do you block first during an axillary block?

A

radial b/c of it’s deep location

50
Q

axillary block complications

A

NOT COMMON

vascular puncture b/c of needle redirection

51
Q

what are three rescue blocks?

A

radial
ulnar
median

52
Q

what position should the arm be in for median/uln. n block?

A

abducted

53
Q

FOr rescue blocks- what are you looking for?

A

contrast b/c all three nerves are close to vascular structures or bone

54
Q

Median nerve courses?

A

along brachial artery in upper arm to elbow

55
Q

how much LA for median nerve?

A

4-5mL

+2/3. if needed

56
Q

where do you scan for radial nerve?

A

distally along the lateral humerus

takes an anterior course along the humerus

57
Q

where do you scan for ulnar nerve?

A

medial epicondyle

proximal to distal