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OMM Block 2 > Upper Extremity Anatomy Tests > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Anatomy Tests Flashcards

1
Q

4 Greek terms for upper extremity inspection

A

Rumor =. Redness

Tumor = mass

Dollar = pain

Calor =. Heat

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2
Q

4 joints of the shoulder

A

Acromioclavicular

Scapulothoracic

Glenohumeral

Sternoclavicular

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3
Q

Acromion

A

Long flat curved process of scapula that forms the AC joint and is the site of the middle deltoid attachment

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4
Q

Coracoid process

A

Deep scapular projection that serves as the origin of the short head of biceps and insertion of pectoralis minor and coracobrachialis

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5
Q

3 acromion types

A

Flat (least likely to cause impingement)

Curved

Beaked (most likely to cause impingement)

Impingement is the supraspinatus muscle w/ overhead activities

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6
Q

3 heads of deltoid origins

A

Clavicle

AC joint

Scapular spine

  • pain along the insertion of the deltoid (lateral humerus) is most indicative of a rotator cuff tear*
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7
Q

Neutral shoulder ROM

A

Flexion = 150-170

Extension = 60

External rotation = 60

Internal rotation (in front of body) = 70

Internal rotation (behind back) = 95

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8
Q

Horizontal internal rotation vs horizontal external rotation degrees

A

Internal = 70 degrees

External = 90 degrees

  • horizontal implies arms are abducted 90 degrees*
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9
Q

Abduction vs adduction degrees

A

Abduction = 180

Adduction = 20-40

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10
Q

Scapulohumeral motion

A

For every 30 degrees of shoulder abduction

20 degrees = humeral abduction

10 degrees = scapular rotation

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11
Q

Specific names of scapular rotation

A

“Up and down” =. A-P axis movement through AC joint

“Scapular winging” =. Vertical axis movement through AC joint

“Scapular tipping” = horizontal axis through the AC joint

(AC joint does abduction and both internal/external rotation)

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12
Q

Neutral plane of the scapula

A

30-45 degrees forward in coronal plane

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13
Q

Movements of the clavicle

A

Anterior/posterior

Superior/inferior

External/internal rotation

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14
Q

Boa’s sign

A

Pain in right shoulder/upper back is refereed pain from right abdominal organs (liver/gallbladder/ duodenum/ etc.)

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15
Q

Kehr’s sign

A

Pain in left shoulder/upper back is indicative of referred pain from the left abdominal organs
(Spleen, stomach and possibly renal damage)

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16
Q

Joints of the elbow

A

Humero-ulnar
(Flexion/extension)

Humero-radial
(Pronation/supination)

Proximal radio-ulnar
(Pronation/supination)

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17
Q

Elbow ROM from neutral position

A

Flexion = 145

Extension =. 0

Supination and pronation = 90

18
Q

Carrying angle

A

Angle created from two lines at rest

From the proximal humerus to the elbow

From proximal forearm to tips of fingers

Males =. 5-10

Females =. 10-15

19
Q

Abnormal carrying angles

A

Cubits valgus (> 15)

Cubits varus ( <5-10)

20
Q

Supination and pronation with movement radius

A

Pronation = radius moves over the ulna posteriorly

Supination = radius moves over the ulna anteriorly

The ulna remains motionless

21
Q

Wrist general ROM

A

Flexion = 80-90

Extension = 70

Adduction/ulnar deviation = 30

Abduction/radial deviation = 20

22
Q

Reflexes of the arm with respect to their nerveroot

A

Biceps = C5

Brachioradials = C6

Triceps = C7

23
Q

Reflex scale

A

0 = no reflex

1/4 =. Decreased present

2/4 = normal

3/4 = brisk with unsustained clonus

4/4 = brisk with sustained clonus

24
Q

Motor strength scale

A

0 - absent

1/5 = slight contraction with no joint motion

2/5 = complete ROM without gravity

3/5 = complete ROM against gravity

4/5 = Complete ROM against gravity w/ light resistance

5/5 = complete ROM against gravity w/ full resistance

25
Q

Difference between physiologic, restrictive and anatomical barrier

A

Physiological = farthest a patient Can actively move a joint

Restrictive barrier = farthest a joint can be moves just short of the physiological barrier

Anatomical barrier = farthest a patient can passively move a joint

26
Q

Apley scratch test

A

Upper test over the shoulder to touch contralateral superior angle of the scapula: tests for external rotation and abduction of the arm

Lower test behind the shoulder to touch contralateral inferior angle of scapula: tests for internal rotation adduction

27
Q

AC joint dysfunction

A

Cross arm over contralateral shoulder by adduction and raise elbow to 90 degrees

  • push down on patient elbow and have them resist you

(+) = pain which indicates strain or tear at AC joint

28
Q

Drop arm test

A

Patient abducts arms fully to 160-180 degrees

Patient is to slowly lower arms to each side

(+) If patient starts to unevenly drop one side at roughly 90 degrees, indicative of RCT specifically supraspinatus.

29
Q

Empty can/jobe test

A

Patient abducts arm to 90 degrees, internally rotates 45 degrees and horizontally flexes 30 degrees (thumbs down)

(+) slight pressure downward on arm causes pain or inability for patient to resist, indicative of supraspinatus weakness

30
Q

Infraspinatus/teres minor

A

Two tests:

1) patient flexes elbow 90 degrees and tries to rotate against physician resistance
(+) = cant do it and may cause pain, indicative of Infra and teres minor tears

2) patient flexes elbow to 90 degrees and externally rotates to max point passively
(+) = arm lags back to neutral, indicative of infra and teres minor tears

if patient shoulder shrugs when lifting arm, usually indicative of a tear

31
Q

Subscapularis liftoff test

A

Place patient hand behind them with dorsum of hand on lumbar spine. Patient attempts to internally rotate against physcian resistance

(+) = cant do it and maybe slight pain = indicative for subscapularis tear

32
Q

Neer’s and Hawkins tests

A

Both test sub acromion impingement of rotator cuff and biceps brachi

1) Hawkins: Patient elbow and shoulder flexed at 90 degrees and shoulder/arm forcefully internally rotated
(+) = pain

Neers: patient arm is internally rotated as close to 180 as possible (so that dorsum of hand is near the ear). Arm is then passively flexed up to 180
(+) pain is usually seen around 90 degrees

STABILIZE SCAPULA DURING BOTH PROCEDURES

33
Q

Difference between dislocated and sublaxed shoulder

A

Dislocated = is dislocated and does not spontaneously fix itself

Sublaxed =. Dislocated and will spontaneously fix itself

34
Q

Yergasons test

A

Tests stability of long head of biceps tendon and/or bicep tendonitis

Physcian stabilizes patients elbow and wrist and has patient make arm curl motion, with increases resistance each consecutive curl’

Physician eventually externally rotates the arm quickly

(+) popping sound (indicates sublaxed tendon) and pain (indicates bicep tendonitis)

35
Q

Speeds test

A

Tests for bicep tendonitis

Patient with arm flexed at 90 degrees and supinate forearm

Physcian resists forward flexion of the arm arm at the wrist

(+) = pain

36
Q

O’Brien’s test

A

Tests for GH Labrum tear

Patient has arm flexed to 90, adducted medial as far possible and internally rotated as far as possible

Physician then places a downward force on patient arm at forearm

(+) = pain

37
Q

Wrights and adsons test

A

Test for impingement of the radial artery/nerve at both the pecterolis minor and Scalenes respectively

Physician finds patients radial pulse and then places them in the respective positions. (+)Weakened pulse or numbness

38
Q

Roos test

A

Tests for thoracic outlet syndrome

(+) = numbness

39
Q

Lateral epicondylitis

A

Pain at lateral epicondyle specifically at the extensor carpi radials brevis attachment

also known as tennis elbow

Maudsley and miles test (+) = pain with resisted extension

Also can experience pain with resisted supination

40
Q

Medial epicondylitis

A

Pain at the medial epicondyle at the point of flexor carpi radialis attachment

also known as golfers elbow

Wrist flexion and resisted pronation elicits pain = (+)

41
Q

Phalens and reverse phalens tests tests

A

Tests for carpal tunnel

Remain in position for 30-60 seconds (+) - numbness in the lateral hand

42
Q

Finkelstein test

A

Tests for De Querviuan tenosynovits

*specifically tendonitis in the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

(+) = pain over area and possible swelling

OMM Block 2 (5 decks)

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