Upper Extremity Flashcards
Importance of AP shoulder view to include_____ and _____ joints
AC & SC
For shoulder dislocations it is important to evaluate position of the humerus in relation to _____
glenoid
Y-scapula view is shows _____, _____ and _____.
acromion; coracoid process; scapular body
Y-scapula view showing anterior shoulder dislocation that in most cases is ______.
Sub-coracoid
In internal humeral rotation radiographs (esp. chest x-ray) overimposition of humeral head should not be confused with bone lesion. This is known as?
Humeral pseudotumour
Unfused secondary centre of acromion ossification. Can be symptomatic especially with repeated trauma. This is known as?
Os acromiale
Important to view anterior humeral line continuity and that no _____ or posterior fat pad elevation is seen.
sail sign
Tangential or Jones view to evaluate ______.
olecranon process
Importance of anterior humeral line is to evaluate for common pediatric fracture, known as _____fracture of distal humerus.
supracondylar
If Ant and Post fat pads are _____ (displaced)-indicates ______ of any abnormal source (e.g.fluid, blood, puss)
elevated; intra-articular effusion
•C-capitellum •R-radial head •I-internal condyle •T-trochlea •O-olecranon •E-external condyle What are the ages for these structures to ossify?
•CRITOE (1-3-5-7-9-11)
Supracondylar process is found in __ %. What is the clinical significance?
<1%;
potentially compressing median nerve simulating signs of carpal tunnel syndrome or vascular pathology of the brachial artery compression
Osteochondroma will point (AWAY/ TOWARD) the joint?
AWAY
Radio-ulnar synostosis. Can be congenital or 2ndary to fracture or other pathology. What are the symptoms?
Unable to pronate/supine forearm
Congenital absence of the limb is known as?
Phacomelia
Phacomelia is a rare anomaly, which can be caused by?
Thalidomite embriopathy
What is polydactyly?
Having an extra digit
Polydactyly can be seen in some _____ disorders
Congenital
What is Synphalangism?
Digits fused together by means of bone and/or skin
Complex Syndactyly due to Apert syndrome is also known as?
Acrocephalosyndactyly
Complex syndactyly due to _____ syndrome
Apert
Syndactily and synphalangism
May be part of ______ anomalies (e.g. Apert Syndrome)
severe congenital
Accessory ossicle to ulnar styloid, triquetrum and sometimes lunate. (Not fracture) This is known as?
Os triangulare
Persistant radial styloid is known as?
Os radiostyloidum
Ossicle around trapezium
Os paratrapezium
Unfused failed ossification centre of the Hook of the Hamate bone. Is known as?
Os Hamuli proprium
_____ view of the wrist. Essential view for carpal navicular or scaphoid bone visualization.
Ulnar deviation
Hands radiographs are important in evaluation of _____ and _____
trauma and arthritis
How many views are needed for the hand?
Typically 4, at least 2 views.
Metacarpal sign uses what view?
PA hand
To test for Metacarpal sign: A line is drawn tangentially through the articular cortex of the ___ and ___ metacarpal heads
4th and 5th
To test for Metacarpal sign: The line should pass distal to or just touch the ___metacarpal head
3rd
To test for Metacarpal sign: If the line passes through the 3rd metacarpal head = _____ sign; usually due to fracture deformity
positive
Normal Ulnar Radial
Relationship: ___ - ___ Differential
2.3-4.2 mm
Lunate and triquetral bone fusing together is known as?
Luno-triquetral Coalition
_____ are essential in the evaluation of trauma and alignment
Carpal arcs
Carpal angle is essential to exclude some anomalies like _____ deformity.
Madelung
Normal Carpal angle: ___-___ degree
130-137
What is Madelung deformity?
Bowing of distal radius
Brachydactyly
Shortening of digits, usually congenital
