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Radiology Exam 2 > Radiographic Lines of Mensuration > Flashcards

Radiographic Lines of Mensuration Flashcards

1
Q

Sella Turcica dimensions:

AP, what is the normal and upper limit size?

A

12mm - 16mm

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2
Q

Sella Turcica dimensions:

Vertical view, what is the average and upper limit of size?

A

8-12mm

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3
Q

What can cause empty sella syndrome, pituitary tumor, macroadenoma, and craniopharyngioma?

A

Enlargemnet of sella turcica

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4
Q

What is the McGregor line (basal line)?

A

Direct line from posterior tip of hard palate to lowest point of occipital bone

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5
Q 
McGregor line (basal line):
Odontoid process should not pass this line by more than \_\_\_\_\_ in males,
\_\_\_\_\_ females.
A

(M) 7-8mm

(F) 10mm

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6
Q

McGregor line (basal line) is most accurate measure for __________impression in rheumatoid arthritis, other bone softening conditions.

A

Invagination/basilar

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7
Q

What is the Chamberlain line?

A

It connects posterior hard palate with posterior margin of foramen magnum

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8
Q

Chamberlain line:

_____ should not pass this line <4mm can be normal.

A

Odontoid process

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9
Q

What is the Macrae line?

A

It connects anterior-posterior foramen magnum.

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10
Q

Macrae line:

Should always remain more _____ to lowest-most tip of occiput

A

superior

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11
Q

What is the Digastric line?

A

A line connecting bases of the Mastoid processes: C2 Dens should not project above this line

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12
Q

Power’s ratio​ is for _____ dissociation.

A

Atlanto-occipital

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13
Q

Power’s ratio​:
Distance between the basion and the
posterior spinolaminar line of C1 divided by the distance between the A arch of C1 and the opisthion. Should always be __.

A

< 1 (Less than 1)

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14
Q

Another useful measurement of the craniocervical junction is the “Rule of 12”. Meaning that the basion-to-dens interval should not measure greater than ___and compared to
basion-to-Axis interval also measuring at less than ___

A

12-mm

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15
Q

If basio-axial interval is greater than 12mm suggest _____ and _____ injury.

A

Atlanto-occipital dislocation and ligamentous injury

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16
Q

What conditions can increase the atlantodental interspace (ADI)?

A

Instability (RA, inflammatory, Down Syndrome, Grisel syndrome-pharyngeal infection spread)

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17
Q

In CHILDREN, the Atlantodental interspace (ADI) should be ___.

A

<5mm

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18
Q

In ADULTS, the Atlantodental interspace (ADI) should be ___.

A

<3 mm

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19
Q

Atlantodental interspace (ADI) is considered NORMAL at ___.

A

2 mm

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20
Q

What is the BALLOONING OF SELLA​?

A

Widened pituitary fossa

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21
Q

PLATYBASIA​: Martin’s angle is usually greater than ___ degrees.

A

> 152 degrees

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22
Q

Basilar scull angle/Martin’s angle aka Welcker basilar angle, sphenobasilar angle should be WITHIN ___ degrees.

A

125-143 degrees

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23
Q

On APOM view, lateral masses of C1 should be aligned with C2.
If C1 lateral masses overhang C2 by ___ combined then transverse ligament disruption is considered

A

6-mm

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24
Q

Prevertebral soft tissues in adults in general should remain less than ___ at C2 and less than ___ at C6-C7

A

7-mm; 22-mm

25
Q

Cobb Method: utilizes superior_____ of upper most vertebra and inferior _____ of lower most vertebra of the scoliotic curvature

A

end-plate

26
Q

_____ method to evaluate abnormal kyphosis or lordosis

A

Cobb

27
Q

Line connecting T8 anterior body to posterior sternum should not be <13-cm in males and 11-cm- females. Straight back syndrome diagnosis.

A

<13-cm; <11-cm- females

28
Q

Normal angles of spinal discs at L4- L5= __-degree

A

14

29
Q

Lumbar lordosis can be measured by _____ method

A

Cobb

30
Q

Lumbar gravity line L3-centre should intersect sacral base this line is known as?

A

Ferguson gravity line

31
Q

_____ line should intersect the superior articular process of the vertebra below

A

Macnab

32
Q

_____measure of lumbar instability may indicate degenerative disc and facet changes and associated instability

A

Van Akkerveeken (Air; dark spot can be visible in intervertebral joint space)

33
Q

_____ classification of spondylolisthesis grading: Grade 1-4

A

Myerding

34
Q

Interpedicular distance: Normal distance at L4 is ___

A

27-mm

35
Q

Widening of interpedicular distance (<24mm) can suggest what syndromes?

A

Marfan syndrome and Elhers- Danlos syndrome

36
Q

Eisenstein Method of AP sagittal canal dimensions: Normal spinal canal at lower lumbar region should remain no less than _____

A

14-mm.

37
Q

Klein line is important in evaluating for _____

A

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)

38
Q

Kohler teardrop can be used as reference point to evaluate abnormal distance_____difference from the contralateral hip (Waldenstrome sign)

A

> 2-mm

39
Q

An estimate of acetabular hypoplasia or overcoverage. Consider developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

Centre-edge angle.

40
Q

Centre-edge angle:

  • Normal=
  • Moderate dysplasia=
  • Severe dysplasia=
A

> 15 degrees
-Between 15 and 5 degrees
<5 degrees

41
Q

Femoral (inclination) angle evaluation to evaluate traumatic or atraumatic causes of _____ or _____

A

Coxa Vara or Valga

42
Q

-Femoral shaft line perpendicular to
tip of greater trochanter line
-The fovea should lie above or at the level of “trochanter line”
What is this known as?

A

Skinner line

43
Q

Acetabula angle in infant

A

12-29- degrees; 20-degrees average

44
Q

Increase and decrease in Acetabula angle would results in?

A
  • Increase = congenital hip dysplasia

- Decreased = down syndrome

45
Q

_____: a line connecting bony pelvic inlet with the outer aspect of the obturator foramen.

A

Kohler’s line

46
Q

If the floor of the acetabulum cross Kohler’s line it may signify ______

A

Protrusio Acetabuli

47
Q

Presacral soft tissue space (adults average: _____, children: _____),

A

5-7-mm; 3-5- mm

48
Q

Widening of Presacral soft tissue space >___, consider Sacral trauma/fracture and hematoma

A

20-mm

49
Q

Symphysis pubis distance: Males-___, females- ___

A

6-mm; 5-mm

50
Q

Bohler’s angle: evaluate fractures of the _____ and _____

A

calcaneus and talus

51
Q

-Line from posterior articular surface calcaneus to anterior articular process of calcaneus
-Posterior process to superior angle of calcaneus tuberosity
(These forms what angle?)

A

Bohler’s angle

52
Q

Soft tissue heel pad (range ______). Thickening of heel pad is often associated with _____

A

19-23-mm; Acromegaly

53
Q

Glenohumeral joint space is evaluated on _____ view.

A

AP external rotation view

54
Q

What is the average measurement of GHJ space?

A

4-5 mm

55
Q

Acromiohumeral articulation space ranges between _____

A

7-11 mm

56
Q

Reduced Acromiohumeral articulation space indicate _____ tear or other causes of instability.

A

rotator cuff

57
Q

AC joint: ranges_____ normal. If less than consider osteoarthritis

A

3-8-mm

58
Q

Terry Thomas Sign indicates?

A

Scapholunate dislocation

59
Q

Scapholuante space should remain no more than _____.

A

3-4-mm

Radiology Exam 2 (3 decks)

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