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Pathophysiology II - MSK > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Twisting of dermatomes is reflected due to the twisting of limbs during development

A

True

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2
Q

Cutaneous nerves ride to the arm via what plexus?

What does this allow for?

A

Brachial

Most areas receive innervation from more than one nerve root

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3
Q

If a muscle INSERTS on the scapula than it ________ the scapula.

What are examples of these muscles?

A

Inserts = Moves

Rhomboids
Trapezius
Pectoralis Minor
Levator Scapulae

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4
Q

If a muscle ORIGINATES on the scapula than it moves the _____.

What are examples of these muscles?

A

Arm

Subscapularis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi (partial Origin on scapula)
Coracobrachialis
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5
Q

What FOUR muscles compose the rotator cuff?

A

SITS

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis

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6
Q

All SUPERFICIAL muscles of the back originate where?

A

Vertebae

Trapezius (C7, T1-12)
Lat. dosri (T6-12)
Levator scapulae (C1-4)
Rhomboid Minor (C7-T1)
Rhomboid Major (T2-5)
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7
Q

What is the only SUPERFICIAL muscle of the back that inserts on the proximal humerus?

A

Latissimus Dorsi

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8
Q

What SUPERFICIAL muscle of the back is innervated by the accessory nerve?

A

Trapezius

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9
Q

What THREE SUPERFICIAL muscles of the back are innervated by the Dorsal Scapular Nerve?

A

Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major

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10
Q

What nerve is the Latissimus dorsi innervated by?

A

Thoracodorsal Nerve

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11
Q

Which THREE SUPERFICIAL muscles of the back ELEVATE and ADDUCT the scapula?

A

Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major

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12
Q

The latissimus dorsii ________ (flexes/extends) the arm, ________ (abducts/adducts) the arm, __________ (medially/laterally) rotates the arm

A

Extends

Adducts

Medially Rotates

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13
Q

The bicep muscle is innervated by which nerve?

A

Musculocuntaneous Nerve

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14
Q

Which muscle of the upper arm originates on the acromion + clavicle and inserts on the humerus?

This is responsible for flexion and abduction of the arm

What nerve is this muscle innervated by?

A

Deltoid

Innervated by the axillary nerve

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15
Q

Which tendon in the rotator cuff is most prone to injury?

A

Supraspinatus

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16
Q

All of the SITS muscles insert where?

Originate where?

A

Insertion: Humerus (Greater of Lesser Tubercle)

Originate: Scapula (Each has its own fossa, except teres minor)

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17
Q

What branches of the brachial plexus innervate the SITS muscles?

A

C5 and C6

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18
Q

What makes up the anterior boundary of the axilla?

Posterior?

A

Anterior: Pectoral Muscles

Posterior: Lat. dorsi, teres major, subscapularis

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19
Q

What makes up the medial boundary of the axilla?

Lateral?

A

Medial: Serratus Anterior

Lateral: Bicipital Groove of the humerus

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20
Q

Which artery travels through the axilla?

A

Axillary Artery

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21
Q

The brachial plexus travels between which TWO muscles of the neck?

In the chest, it will then travel deep to which muscle?

A

Travels deep to the Anterior scalene but superficial to the middle scalene

Travels deep to the pectoralis minor in the chest

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22
Q

The axillary artery is a continuation of what artery?

When does this officially become the axillary artery?

A

Subclavian Artery

Becomes the axillary artery once it travels OVER the first rib

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23
Q

The axillary artery helps determine the _______ of the brachial plexus

A

Cords

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24
Q

Where do the lateral and medial cords travels in relation to the axillary artery?

Posterior cords?

A

Lateral and Medial cords travel laterally and medially respectively

The posterior cord travels posteriorly to the axillary artery

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25
After crossing the teres minor, what does the axillary artery become?
Brachial Artery
26
What are the branches of the axillary artery? HINT: STLSAP
S --> Superior Thoracic T --> Thoracoacromial L --> Lateral Thoracic S --> Subscapular A --> Anterior Circumflex Humeral P --> Posterior Circumflex Humeral
27
Usually lymphatics will follow ______ (veins/arteries)
Veins
28
Are there more superficial or deep lymphatics?
Superficial
29
Lymphatics from the arm will typically drain where? From the place, where will they drain?
Axiallary Node Collections which drain into the subclavian nodes
30
If someone undergoes an axillary node dissection, what are they prone to?
Angioedema
31
What makes up the THREE borders of the antecubital fossa?
Medial: Pronator Teres Lateral: Brachioradialis Superior: Line between the epicondyles
32
What makes up the neurovascular bundle that travels through the antecubital fossa?
Median Cubital Vein Brachial Artery Median Nerve
33
What are the roots of the brachial plexus?
``` C5 C6 C7 C8 T1 ```
34
What TWO roots make up the Upper Trunk of the brachial plexus
C5 | C6
35
What root of makes up the middle trunk of the brachial plexus?
C7
36
Which TWO roots make up the lower trunk of the brachial plexus?
C8 | T1
37
Where does 'crossover' occur in the brachial plexus?
At the level of the divisions
38
T/F: The three trunks of the brachial plexus split into two divisions which each split into 3 sub divisions for a total of 6 divisions
True
39
Which division of the brachial plexus supplies the flexors?
Anterior Division
40
Which division of the brachial plexus supplies the extensors?
Posterior Division
41
What are the FIVE major branches of the brachial plexus? (Hint: MARMU) Which cord is each a branch of?
Musculocutaneous (Lateral Cord) Axillary (Posterior Cord) Radial (Posterior Cord) Median (Lateral + Medial Cords) Ulnar (Medial Cord)
42
Which branch of the brachial plexus innervates the flexors of the upper arm?
Musculoscutaneous
43
Which branch of the brachial plexus innervates the shoulder muscles?
Axillary
44
Which branch of the brachial plexus innervates the extensors?
Radial
45
Which branch of the brachial plexus innervates the flexors of the forearm?
Median
46
Which branch of the brachial plexus innervates the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
Ulnar
47
At which portion of the nerve is tramatic injury most common?
The Nerve Root
48
Are upper or lower nerve roots more commonly injured?
Upper Nerve Roots
49
Which nerve roots are injured in Erb's Palsy?
C5, C6
50
Which nerve roots are injured in Klumpke's Palsy?
C8, T1
51
If the axillary nerve was injured, what motions could you NOT preform?
Rotate the shoulder | Abduct the arm
52
If the musculocutaneous nerve was injured, what motions could you NOT preform?
Flexion of the arm | Supination of the forearm
53
If the radial nerve was injured, what motions could you NOT preform?
Extension (Hand, Fingers)
54
Sports injuries, falls on the neck, and childbirth are common injuries of what palsy? Which nerve roots are involved? Which branched of the brachial plexus are involved
Erb's Palsy Roots: C5, C6 Branches: Musculocutaneous Axillary
55
If the ulnar nerve was injured, what motions could you NOT preform?
Flexion of the fingers Extension of the fingers Flexion at the wrist
56
If the medial nerve was injured, what deficit would be present?
Sensation loss | Medial arm and hand, particularly thumb, index, and middle fingers
57
A patient who falls off a ladder but is able to catch themselves on a rung below with one arm may have what type of palsy? What may be an example of a non-traumatic version of this?
Klumpke's Palsy (C8, T1) Overhead Painter may be an example of a non-traumatic cause of Klumpke's Palsy
58
What TWO muscles are the flexors of the upper arm?
Biceps Brachii | Brachialis
59
What muscle is the extensor of the upper arm?
Triceps Brachii
60
Which cord of the brachial plexus innervates the posterior compartment of the upper arm?
Posterior Cord (Axillary, Radial Nerve)
61
Which cord of the brachial plexus innervates the anterior compartment of the upper arm?
Medial Cord (Musculocutaneous, Some Median) Lateral Cord (Ulnar, Some Median
62
Which artery supplies the deep palmar arch in the hand? Superficial palmar arch?
Deep: Radial Artery Superficial: Ulnar Artery
63
Which nerve travels with the radial artery? Ulnar Artery?
Radial Artery with Median Nerve Ulnar Artery with Ulnar Nerve
64
What muscles compose the anterior compartment of the upper arm? What is its innervation? Actions?
Anterior Compartment: Biceps Brachii Brachioradialis Innervated by musculocutaneous Flexion of the upper arm
65
What muscles compose the posterior compartment of the upper arm? What is its innervation? Actions?
Posterior Compartment: Triceps Brachii Innervated by the radial nerve Extension of the upper arm
66
Which bone in the forearm is your "elbow bone"?
Ulna Olecranon Process
67
Which muscles are involved in pronation of the hand? Which bone do they insert on?
Pronator Teres Pronator Quadratus They both insert on the radius
68
What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the forearm? Are these flexors or extensors?
Brachioradialis Extensor Digitorum Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensors
69
What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the forearm? Are these primarily flexors or extensors?
Brachioradialis Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexors
70
The radial artery is a branch of what artery?
Brachial
71
The radial nerve travels ________ (medially/laterally) to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus?
Laterally
72
Which area is the radial nerve responsible for sensation?
Dorsal side of the 1-3rd fingers (however it does not extend completely distally to the finger tips)
73
What are the EIGHT carpal bones?
"Some Leaders Take Positions They Cant Handle" ``` Scaphoid Lunate Triquetral Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate ```
74
The carpal bones are ________ (concave/convex) anteriorly
Concave
75
Which ligament covers the carpal bones? What nerve passes just deep to this along with the flexor tendons?
Transverse carpal ligament Median Nerve
76
What TWO tendons make up the lateral and medial borders of the "anatomical Snuffbox"? What artery is also located here?
Lateral: Extensor Pollicis Brevis Medial: Extensor Pollicus Longus Contains the radial artery
77
Which TWO muscles flex the wrist?
Flexor Carpi Radialis | Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
78
Which TWO muscles extend the wrist?
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | Extensor Carpi Radialis
79
Where does the biceps brachii originate? Insert? Innervated?
Originates: humerus, glenoid Inserts: Radial Tuberosity Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve
80
Doe the biceps brachii aid in supination or pronation?
Supination

Pathophysiology II - MSK (4 decks)

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